Investigation of PCM thermal effectiveness towards an optimised design of cooling building envelopeAl-Obaidi, A S M; Chew, H J; Gunasagaran, S; Hoi, J W
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2222/1/012005pmid: N/A
The buildings are responsible to 40% of the global greenhouse gas emission. To tackle the climate change, the development of sustainable building is urgent. Phase Change Material (PCM) as a potential material was suggested to integrate in building envelope to maintain a constant room temperature. This paper investigated the thermal performance of the PCM in building envelope at tropics and optimizes the cooling effect by manipulating melting temperature, thickness, position, and the type of PCM. ANSYS FLUENT software is used to model the 2D cross-sectional area of the steel roof and brick wall. With the input of 2 normal days outdoor temperature, the results of simulated indoor surface temperature are compared with the control set to determine the optimum setting while monitoring on its cost-effectiveness. The results showed that the optimum melting temperature of PCM is 29 °C for brick wall application and 31 °C for steel roof application. In normal day, PCM can reduce the peak indoor surface temperature up to 4 °C. Although in the evening, PCM delays the time for the room to cool off, but for the normal warehouse operating hours this is not affecting the thermal comfortability of the workers.
Implementation Of Active RFIDs In Inventory SystemsSoltanirad, Arshia; Ahmad, Hafisoh; Yap, Hoon; Ismail, Hafizul A.
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2222/1/012001pmid: N/A
The commoditization of integrated circuits has revolutionized the world of IoT based networks. Supply chain management relies heavily on the application of passive RFID tags for inventory management. However, this technology is outdated and does not provide real-time monitoring for warehouse administration. Moreover, due to the high error rate of traditional passive RFIDs, active RFIDs are graded higher in terms of operational efficiency. The biggest challenge in the deployment of active RFIDs in inventory systems is high power consumption. The passive RFIDs were favored due to their lack of dependency on an internal power supply. The inception of low power long range radio modules has fully transformed the range of applications for active RFIDs. The long range low power active RFIDs are used to develop IoT ecosystems for the purpose of creating a smart supply chain management system. In this research, the hierarchical wireless mesh network consists of three levels; the end node, the concentrator and the gateway. The model takes advantage of low power long range radios to design a system that can monitor and track inventory in a warehouse. The unique circuit has small and compact properties that has the potential to be deployed in real life warehouses.
Investigation of the Blockage Correction to Improve the Accuracy of Taylor’s Low-Speed Wind TunnelAl-Obaidi, A S M; Madivaanan, Ganesh
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2222/1/012008pmid: N/A
Placing a test model in the wind tunnel test section creates an interaction between the flow and the model and walls of the test section. This interaction affects the accuracy of data reading of the wind tunnel. One of the significant factors is the blockage which affects the drag and lift coefficients, causing inaccurate readings. This paper considered streamlined and blunted shapes of different sizes to investigate and assess the effect of the shape and size of the test model on the reading accuracy. Wind tunnel tests were conducted with the three different sizes for each shape to determine the aerodynamic coefficients of the models. Different correction methods were applied to find the correction coefficient. CFD simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent software. A comparison of numerical and experimental results was carried out to determine the most suitable blockage correction method for the chosen models. It is found that a blockage ratio of less than 16% has the least blockage effect. The blockage correction of drag reduction for these models is very minimal, less than 1%. Correction coefficients for both shapes were derived to correct the blockage effect created by models with a blockage ratio of 16% or higher.
Enhanced Communication in Void Region of Underwater Wireless Sensor Network using Vector-Based Void Avoidance Comparing with Void Aware Pressure Routing ProtocolMurali Krishna, M.; Sivasakthiselvan, S.
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2222/1/012004pmid: N/A
The aim of the proposed work is to improve the energy efficiency of sensor nodes in underwater wireless sensor networks using Vector-based void avoidance (VBVA) in comparison with void-aware pressure routing (VAPR). The performance of vector-based void avoidance uses the vector shift and backpressure mechanisms compared with the void-aware pressure routing protocol. A total of 34 samples are collected and 17 samples for each group is taken to the data sets. The proposed algorithm is tested in an underwater virtual environment by Aquasim in the NS2 simulator. The throughput, energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio are calculated to evaluate the performance of the proposed VBVA Protocol. The energy efficiency of the proposed vector-based void avoidance protocol is improved by avoids of void nodes and forward data packets. The Throughput mean value is (1.3297), Energy consumption mean value is (0.9960) and Packet delivery ratio mean value is (91.1735) achieved using VBVA protocol. This work has obtained significance (<0.01). The simulation results show that reduction of packet loss and improve the energy efficiency of the sensor network using the proposed VBVA algorithm in comparison with VAPR.
16th International Engineering and Computing Research Conference (16th EURECA)Goh, Wei Wei; Nagentrau, M; Hamzah, N; L, Angeline; Kok, S H
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2222/1/011001pmid: N/A
The 16th EURECA 2021 is the outcome of the hard work and dedication of researchers, research groups, academic programmes and effort of academic and non-academic staff from the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Taylor’s University, Malaysia. 16th EURECA Conference was held on 24th November 2021 with the double edge objectives to assist in equipping the undergraduate and post-graduate with necessary research skills as well as providing an outlet channel for the students to creatively and efficiently share their research outcome. Due to travel restrictions during pandemic, the conference was conducted virtually using Zoom as the video conferencing platform throughout the conference period.With the ever-increasing expectations of graduates to be ready to address a variety of new world challenges, the requirements to equip the graduates, especially those in the field of Engineering, Computing, Science and Technology, with research skills are more pressing. Thus, the aim of the 16th EURECA 2021 conference is to provide the undergraduate Computing and Engineering students an opportunity to experience a research environment. This is expected to prepare them not only for careers in research but also to provide a precursor for them to use the developed research skills in their future endeavors. In addition, the 16th EURECA 2021 also serves as a platform for postgraduate Engineering and Computing students to expand their network with other researchers as well as gaining invaluable feedback with regards to their research project from both academicians and industrial experts.List of Organizing Committee, Committee Members Secretariat, Event Management and Finance are available in this pdf.
Analysis of fatigue characteristics on camshaft using finite element analysisZamros, M I; Ku, P X
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2222/1/012010pmid: N/A
Camshaft plays an important role in the internal combustion engine, where it regulates the opening and closing time of the valves to allow fuel and air mixture to enter the engine and exhaust. The study aims to analyze the fatigue characteristics of the camshaft made from gray cast iron and cast carbon steel. SolidWorks and ANSYS Workbench were used to design and predict the lifespan of the camshaft. The modelled camshaft was used to analyze the fatigue properties. Modal analysis was performed to evaluate the deflections and natural frequency of the camshaft while static structural analysis used to evaluate the total deformation, maximum stress, and safety factor. Appropriate mesh size was used where the component was divided into several discrete parts or finite elements. The camshaft was assigned with boundary conditions such as fixed support and moment. Dunkerley’s approach was used to compare simulated natural frequencies to theoretical values. The resulting S-N curve plots the alternating stress on the camshaft against the number of cycles required to fail. Cast carbon steel was suggested to be the more desirable material since it can withstand 260 MPa of stress for 10 million cycles, whereas gray cast iron can endure only 140 MPa.
Investigation of the Base Oil Properties in Optimizing the DemulsificationLow, C M; Ilia Anisa, A N; Chua, B L; Abdurahman, N H
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2222/1/012015pmid: N/A
In this research, the correlation of the physical properties from different types of base oil- Group I and Group II base oils - to the demulsification process with variables such as mixing speed (500-1500 rpm), water content (20-80%) and volume of formulated surfactant (1 - 5 ml) were investigated. The water-in-oil emulsion was prepared using a formulated surfactant, and the demulsification was observed via a Bottle Test method. The optimization of demulsification was obtained from the correlation of the respective variables using the Central Composite Design (CCD) for Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Results showed that the Group I base oil emulsions have a lower viscosity and higher density than the Group II base oil, which has higher emulsion stability. The higher demulsification was observed by reducing the mixing speed, increasing the water content, and reducing the volume of the formulated surfactant for both groups of the base oil. The optimum of the water separation w obtained from the Group I base oil was 46.73% at 515 rpm, 76% water content, and 1 ml volume of the formulated surfactant. Meanwhile, 99.29% of water separation was found for the Group II base oil at 520 rpm, with 75% water content and 2 ml volume of the formulated surfactant.
Treatment of Greywater by Using Artocarpus Heterophyllus Seeds as A Natural CoagulantCheng, CWJ; Ismail, N; Oh, KS
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2222/1/012014pmid: N/A
In this study, Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is used to treat the greywater. The objectives are to characterize the functional group, zeta potential and the protein content of Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds and to examine the performance of the seeds in treating greywater by changing the pH, coagulant dose, and mixing effect, as well as comparing them to Aluminium Sulphate (Alum). The functional groups presence in Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds are hydroxyl group (O-H), amine group (N-H) and carboxylic group (C-O). The zeta potential of Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is averaged at -4.14 mV and protein concentration is at 0.294 mg/L. It was found out that Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds work best at pH 3, 800 mg/L of coagulant dosage and 20 rpm for slow mix and 70 rpm for rapid mixing which resulted in 95.11%, 80.4% and 92.73% removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD and TSS respectively. At pH 6, 200 mg/L of alum coagulant, 40 rpm for slow mix and 150 rpm for quick mix, turbidity, COD, and TSS removal efficiencies were 90.15%, 55.35%, and 96.92%, respectively. Therefore, it shows that Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is a better coagulant to treat greywater compared to alum. It has the potential to replace the conventional chemical coagulant.
Desiccant-based air dehumidifier and cooling systemAl-Obaidi, A S M; Peterson, S; Hui, K J L N
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2222/1/012012pmid: N/A
Air conditioning system plays a vital role in providing convenient environment for human. Many studies conducted on the efficiencies of the air conditioners operating under vapor compression cycle (VCC), however, only few recent studies conducted to analyse the indoor humidity efficiencies. In this research, silica gel, zeolite, and molecular sieve as solid desiccants were experimented to observe their adsorption ability to identify the suitable desiccant material for dehumidification for air conditioner. It was noted that silica gel adsorbs 48% of water during the experiment making it to be the best adsorbent. The highest water adsorption capability by silica gel motivated this research to conduct numerical method to analyse its performance in the desiccant wheel system. The density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity of silica gel used at the desiccant channel region on the geometry. The numerical results showed that the suitable regeneration temperature to reactivate silica gel is 35 °C with thermal effectiveness of 0.375. Silica gel has dehumidification efficiency of 85% and moisture removal capacity of 2.571×10−4 g/s. This system can be a potential trademark for HVAC industries to innovate pollutant-free systems because SDCS does not release any harmful coolants such as chlorofluorocarbon and hydrochlorofluorocarbon to environment.
The fundamental studies on the reaction kinetics of thermal decomposition of bio-composite based backsheet materials in photovoltaic (PV) panelZulkeply, M; Pang, M M; Vaithilingam, C A; Sivasubramanian, R
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2222/1/012002pmid: N/A
This research presents the reaction kinetics of thermal decomposition of vetiver filled Polylactic Acid (PLA) bio-composite based backsheet in Photovoltaic (PV) panel via the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The conventional PV backsheet called TEDLAR (Polyvinyl Fluoride, PVF) is made from petroleum, a non-biodegradable material which will impose serious problems to the environment at the end-of-life of the PV modules. Therefore, it is important to identify the suitability of PLA/vetiver to replace TEDLAR. The best composition of PLA/vetiver producing the lowest thermal degradation is discussed by analysing the activation energy of the bio-composites with different weight percent (wt. %) of PLA/vetiver. The result showed the wt. % of PLA/vetiver with lower content of the natural fibre has a lower thermal degradation temperature which indicates the rapid start of the degradation process. However, TEDLAR degrades at an average temperature of 400°C proving the ability to withstand extreme temperatures, thus it does not degrade easily. The results showed the higher the content of the vetiver, the lower the degradation temperature. The activation energy of the bio-composites was calculated using the Kissinger method and the estimation values of the different doses of PLA/vetiver range between 28 to 77 kJ/mol.