Holland, Walter, W.;Breeze,, Ellie;Vaughan,, David
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043732pmid: N/A
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Catford, John, C.;Nutbeam,, Don;Woolaway, Martin, C.
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043733pmid: N/A
Abstract Evidence from national and international studies now clearly demonstrates that smoking education can be very effective in preventing people, particularly children, from starting to smoke, and helping smokers to give up. A reduction in smoking prevalence would have such a large positive benefit cost ratio for the community that the cost of the health education programmes would be minor in comparison. The British health service has failed to invest adequately in smoking prevention programmes and this needs to be rectified as a matter of urgency if the epidemics of heart disease, lung cancer and bronchitis are to be brought under control. This content is only available as a PDF. © JOHN WRIGHT & SONS LTD
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043734pmid: N/A
Abstract In a survey of teachers' smoking habits in northern England in December 1982,17 per cent of the men and 19 per cent of the women smoked cigarettes. Fewer than a quarter of the smokers smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day and some did not smoke in school. Dinner hour was the most popular single time for smoking during the school day. Thirty-six per cent of the men and 20 per cent of the women were ex-smokers; of the whole sample 12 per cent of the men and 8 per cent of the women had stopped smoking during the previous 5 years; 17 per cent of the male ex-smokers of cigarettes had changed to smoking pipes and cigars. Teachers under the age of 65 years have low mortality rates from cancers, circulatory and respiratory diseases. This content is only available as a PDF. © JOHN WRIGHT & SONS LTD
Brown,, Susan;Vessey,, Martin;Harris,, Ruth
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043735pmid: N/A
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doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043736pmid: N/A
Abstract A new type of cervical cytology request form is described which enables patients to be directly notified by post of the outcome of the test. This content is only available as a PDF. © JOHN WRIGHT & SONS LTD
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043737pmid: N/A
Abstract Use of social class data in the Oxford Record Linkage Study (ORLS) has been limited by concern both for its repeatability and any bias that might arise from some records not containing the necessary information. The availability of three studies of surgical operations in which information on social class was obtained by trained interviewers provided an opportunity to investigate both these aspects of ORLS data. Comparison of ORLS data with those from the three research studies revealed a surprisingly low level of repeatability, with a tendency for the ORLS to code a person's social class ‘inwards’ to social class III. However, lack of information for some patients did not appear to introduce any systematic bias. The implications of these findings for the interpretation of social class distributions derived from the ORLS are discussed. Despite the low level of repeatability, these findings suggest that the social class data available from the ORLS is of greater value than has been recognized previously. This content is only available as a PDF. © JOHN WRIGHT & SONS LTD
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043738pmid: N/A
Abstract During the last decade, well over half of all the health districts in England and Wales have started to use the national standard child-health computing system, in particular, the vaccination and immunization module. The usefulness of the system in recording data about individual children is well proven, similarly its use as an administration system in scheduling appointments and in routinely producing aggregated statistical information.However, the system also allows for the collection of a variety of data on individual children and indeed their mothers. Such data could be of use in answering management questions in the services such as, ‘which children do not attend for immunization’, ‘what are their characteristics’ and ‘what changes could be made to the services in order to achieve the policy objectives of higher levels of immunization uptake’. The management initiatives suggested by the Griffiths Report emphasized the use of information in management decision making. The analyses reported in this paper demonstrate how existing information can be used to answer and ask management questions, and also suggests that possibly some modifications to the existing data systems should be introduced in order to enable better management to occur. The analysis concentrated on the data relating to the uptake of measles immunization in one health district. This content is only available as a PDF. © JOHN WRIGHT & SONS LTD
Charlton, John R., H.;Bauer,, R.;Lakhani,, Azim
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043739pmid: N/A
Abstract A series of outcome indicators based on mortality data have been proposed for measuring the effectiveness of medical treatment over a wide range of curative services. The indicators are intended to provide warning signals of possible shortcomings in health care delivery. This paper describes how such indicators might be used, illustrated with data from one particular region. Data for other regions have also been tabulated. On the basis of these, decisions need to be made on what, if any, further investigations are warranted. The warning signals may be investigated further by examining-the circumstances surrounding individual deaths. Some approaches to this are discussed. The usefulness or otherwise of these indicators in improving standards of medical care can only be tested by their practical application in several District Health Authorities. This is currently being undertaken in a number of Districts. This content is only available as a PDF. © JOHN WRIGHT & SONS LTD
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043740pmid: N/A
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Williams, D. R., R.;West, R., J.;Hagard,, S.;Dias,, A.
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043742pmid: N/A
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