On commutativity and finiteness in groupsOliveira, Ricardo; Sidki, Said
doi: 10.1007/s00574-009-0008-xpmid: N/A
The second author introduced notions of weak permutablity and commutativity between groups and proved the finiteness of a group generated by two weakly permutable finite subgroups. Two groups H, K weakly commute provided there exists a bijection f: H → K which fixes the identity and such that h commutes with its image h
f
for all h ∈ H. The present paper gives support to conjectures about the nilpotency of groups generated by two weakly commuting finite abelian groups H, K.
Infinitesimal adjunction and polar curvesCorral, Nuria
doi: 10.1007/s00574-009-0009-9pmid: N/A
The polar curves of foliations
% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-
% feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBqj3BWbIqubWexLMBb50ujbqegm0B
% 1jxALjharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqr
% Ffpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0F
% irpepeKkFr0xfr-xfr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaa
% GcbaWefv3ySLgznfgDOfdarCqr1ngBPrginfgDObYtUvgaiuaacqWF
% XeIraaa!440F!
$$
\mathcal{F}
$$
having a curve C of separatrices generalize the classical polar curves associated to hamiltonian foliations of C. As in the classical theory, the equisingularity type ℘(
% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-
% feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBqj3BWbIqubWexLMBb50ujbqegm0B
% 1jxALjharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqr
% Ffpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0F
% irpepeKkFr0xfr-xfr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaa
% GcbaWefv3ySLgznfgDOfdarCqr1ngBPrginfgDObYtUvgaiuaacqWF
% XeIraaa!440F!
$$
\mathcal{F}
$$
) of a generic polar curve depends on the analytical type of
% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-
% feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBqj3BWbIqubWexLMBb50ujbqegm0B
% 1jxALjharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqr
% Ffpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0F
% irpepeKkFr0xfr-xfr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaa
% GcbaWefv3ySLgznfgDOfdarCqr1ngBPrginfgDObYtUvgaiuaacqWF
% XeIraaa!440F!
$$
\mathcal{F}
$$
, and hence of C. In this paper we find the equisingularity types ε(C) of C, that we call kind singularities, such that ℘(
% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-
% feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBqj3BWbIqubWexLMBb50ujbqegm0B
% 1jxALjharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqr
% Ffpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0F
% irpepeKkFr0xfr-xfr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaa
% GcbaWefv3ySLgznfgDOfdarCqr1ngBPrginfgDObYtUvgaiuaacqWF
% XeIraaa!440F!
$$
\mathcal{F}
$$
) is completely determined by ε(C) for Zariski-general foliations
% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-
% feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBqj3BWbIqubWexLMBb50ujbqegm0B
% 1jxALjharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqr
% Ffpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0F
% irpepeKkFr0xfr-xfr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaa
% GcbaWefv3ySLgznfgDOfdarCqr1ngBPrginfgDObYtUvgaiuaacqWF
% XeIraaa!440F!
$$
\mathcal{F}
$$
. Our proofs are mainly based on the adjunction properties of the polar curves. The foliation-like framework is necessary, otherwise we do not get the right concept of general foliation in Zariski sense and, as we show by examples, the hamiltonian case can be out of the set of general foliations.
The Aubry set for periodic Lagrangians on the circleOsuna, Osvaldo
doi: 10.1007/s00574-009-0012-1pmid: N/A
For periodic convex Lagrangians on
% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-
% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr
% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9
% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x
% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWefv3ySLgznf
% gDOjdaryqr1ngBPrginfgDObcv39gaiuaacqWFsc-udaahaaWcbeqa
% aiaaigdaaaaaaa!42D2!
$$
\mathbb{S}^1
$$
, we show that, generically, in the sense of Mañé, there exists a dense open set of cohomology classes such that the Aubry set of these Lagrangians is a hyperbolic periodic orbit. This allows us to prove Mañé’s conjecture on
% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-
% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr
% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9
% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x
% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWefv3ySLgznf
% gDOjdaryqr1ngBPrginfgDObcv39gaiuaacqWFsc-udaahaaWcbeqa
% aiaaigdaaaaaaa!42D2!
$$
\mathbb{S}^1
$$
.