Current Urology

Zaidi, Saher; Gandhi, Jason; Seyam, Omar; Joshi, Gunjan; Waltzer, Wayne C.; Smith, Noel L.; Khan, Sardar Ali

2019 Current Urology

doi: 10.1159/000489429pmid: 31316318

Background/Aims: Seminal vesicle (SV) stones are a rare, and thus readily misdiagnosed condition in practice. Understanding the etiology, diagnosis, and management are crucial to guide a urologist's care, and are provided in this literature review. Methods: The inclusion criteria for the literature search, using the search engines MEDLINE® and PubMed was conducted using a combined query of “seminal vesicle stone” and the following keywords: calculi, hematospermia, calcification, and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). Results: The etiology of SV stones is currently unknown where majority of the patients present with having painful ejaculation and hematospermia. However, clinicians have reported potential etiologies by categorization as an inflammatory or non-in-flammatory. A majority of the previous cases had shown multiple stones being present in the SV duct system that are typically diagnosed through radiological examination such as TRUS, MRI, or plain radiographs. Amongst the many imaging approaches, TRUS remains the primary imaging diagnoses of SV calculi. Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy has shown to be used in an abundant of the case reports to be an ideal surgical approach for managing small SV stones. In regard to larger stones, a transperitoneal laparoscopic protocol is proper. Conclusion: The current imaging techniques have increased the case reports and diagnosis of SV calculi; however, more research is warranted for understanding the pathogenesis of the formation of SV stones. An optimal management of the extraction of SV stones depends on a number of factors such as size and location.

de Oliveira, Tiago Ribeiro; Cleynenbreugel, Ben Van; Pereira, Sérgio; Oliveira, Pedro; Gaspar, Sandro; Domingues, Nuno; Leitão, Tito; Palmas, Artur; Lopes, Tomé; Poppel, Hein Van

2019 Current Urology

doi: 10.1159/000489437pmid: 31316319

Background/Aims: Laparoscopy is a widespread surgical approach for many urological conditions. Achieving prof-ciency in laparoscopic surgery requires considerable effort due to the steep learning curve. Several residency programs include standardized laparoscopic training periods in their curricula. Our aim was to systematically analyze the evidence on the current status of training in laparoscopy in different residency programs in urology. Methods: We performed a systematic review of PubMed/Medline and the Cochrane library, in February 2018, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Statement. Identified reports were reviewed according to the previously defined inclusion criteria. Eight publications, comprising a total of 985 urology residents, were selected for inclusion in this analysis. Results: There was a wide variation between training programs in terms of exposure to laparoscopy. Most residents considered that training in lap-aroscopy was inadequate during residency and had a low degree of confidence in independently performing laparo-scopic procedures by the end of the residency. Only North American residents reported high degrees of confidence in the possibility of performing laparoscopic procedures in the uture, whereas the remaining residents, namely from European countries, reported considerably lower degrees of confidence. Conclusion: There were considerable differences between national urology residency programs in terms of exposure to laparoscopy. Most residents would prefer higher exposure to laparoscopy throughout their residencies.

Sejima, Takehiro; Yumioka, Tetsuya; Yamaguchi, Noriya; Masago, Toshihiko; Morizane, Shuichi; Hikita, Katsuya; Honda, Masashi; Takenaka, Atsushi

2019 Current Urology

doi: 10.1159/000489430pmid: 31316320

Objectives: To investigate pre- and post-operative renal global function and renal parenchymal volume (RPV) in both partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) utilizing film-based technology. Patients and Methods: The patient cohort consisted of 81 and 82 cases with T1 tumors (≤ 7 cm) treated by PN and RN, respectively. Renal global function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and RPV was measured using a Synapse Vincent volumetric analyzer which creates a reconstructed image from a computed tomography scan. Renal global function and RPV were evaluated pre-operatively and 6 months post-operatively. Results: The percent eGFR decline of PN cases was significantly reduced compared with RN cases (p < 0.0001). Post-operative RPV of the contralateral side was significantly increased compared with pre-operative RPV (p < 0.0001) in RN cases. The percent change of the contralat-eral side RPV was slightly increased in RN compared with PN cases (p = 0.1881). A strong positive correlation was noted between post-operative eGFR and post-operative total RPV (r = 0.69, p < 0.0001), and a strong negative correlation was noted between percent eGFR decline and post-operative total RPV (r = -0.63, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Prominent compensatory renal hypertrophy occurred within 6 months after RN. Post-operative renal functional outcome was closely correlated with the post-operative total RPV. In addition to RPV, further studies to unravel post-operative renal function from multifactorial aspects including surgical factors and intrinsic medical disease should be performed in the future.

Ozawa, Michinobu; Ichiyanagi, Osamu; Fujita, Suguru; Naito, Sei; Fukuhara, Hiroki; Suenaga, Shinta; Takai, Satoshi; Narisawa, Takafumi; Hosoya, Noriyuki; Ishii, Tatsuya; Yamanobe, Takuya; Muto, Akinori; Suzuki, Hitoshi; Nishida, Hayato; Kato, Tomoyuki; Tsuchiya, Norihiko

2019 Current Urology

doi: 10.1159/000489431pmid: 31316321

Introduction: We investigated relationships between therapeutic outcomes of patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) and changes in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated EPN patients treated in our hospitals using the SOFA score incorporated in the Sepsis-3 updated in 2016. Results: Seventeen typical EPN patients were included in this study, and were treated with medical management with no drainage (n = 3), retrograde stenting (n = 10), or percutaneous drainage (n = 3). One patient without drainage died of sepsis, yielding an overall mortality rate of 5.9%. Twelve patients recovered without increase in the SOFA score during hospitalization. However, the SOFA score deteriorated in the other patients from admission, with the initial scores not significantly different from those of the 12 cases. The changes in the SOFA score were significantly affected by the selected approaches of drainage (100% patients for no drainage, 22% for stenting, and 0% for percutaneous drainage, p = 0.029), but not by other clinical data. Conclusion: Most EPN patients can currently be conservatively managed successfully. However, it should be noted that less-invasive management could cause deterioration in SOFA after admission, yielding a risk of septic mortality.

Khalil, Mahmoud I.; Wan, Fei; Eltahawy, Ehab; Davis, Rodney; Spiess, Philippe E.; Bissada, Nabil K.; Kamel, Mohamed H.

2019 Current Urology

doi: 10.1159/000489432pmid: 31316322

Objective: Salvage surgery (SS) for penile cancer (PC) is indicated in the management of local failure following radiation therapy (RT). Reports describing survival outcome are rare. This study aims to assess survival outcome of SS following RT failure in PC. Materials and Methods: We used The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify patients received SS on the penis following RT. Social, demographic and pathological criteria of the patients were gathered. The 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-year survival rates were assessed. Results: Between 1976 and 2013, 17 patients received penile SS following RT. Median age was 65 years (range 47-91 years). The mean follow-up was 51 months (range 3-213 months). Sixteen (94.12%) patients received external beam radiation and 1 (5.88%) received combined external beam radiation with brachytherapy. Tumor histology was squamous cell carcinoma in 16 (94.12%) patients and mucinous adenocar-cinoma in 1 (5.88%). The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 68.8, 35.7, 35.7 and 10.7%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year cancer specific survival rate was 72.7, 48.4, 48.4, and 36.3% respectively. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate, the overall survival of PC patients underwent SS was poor with nearly one third of patients dying within the first year and only one third surviving up to 3 years from the SS.

Furusawa, Jun; Yamada, Yasushi; Soga, Norihito; Kuromatsu, Isao

2019 Current Urology

doi: 10.1159/000489433pmid: 31316323

Introduction: Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) does not provide prostate tissue for pathologic analysis. Here, we carried out early monitoring for prostate cancer by measuring prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and assessing clinicopathological features after PVP. Materials and Methods: Patients (n = 800) who underwent PVP and were followed-up for more than 12 months were analyzed retrospectively. After PVP, PSA levels were measured at 3 and 12 months and each year thereafter. Prostate biopsies were performed when PSA levels increased continuously. We assessed the characteristics of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Results: The mean follow-up period was 49 months. After PVP, 54 patients underwent biopsies, and 23 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Overall, 10, 10, and 3 patients had clinical stage T1c, T2a, and T2b disease, respectively, and there were no cases of stage T2c disease or greater. Conclusions: We found that it was possible to diagnose prostate cancer at a localized stage under our optimal PSA monitoring schedule before and after PVP.

Zouari, Mohamed; Ben Dhaou, Mahdi; Ammar, Saloua; Jallouli, Mohamed; Mhiri, Riadh

2019 Current Urology

doi: 10.1159/000489434pmid: 31316324

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility and outcomes of pediatric urological laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected charts of all patients who underwent LESS procedures in our department from January 2013 to December 2016. Data included demographic characteristics, type of procedures, intraoperative details, hospital stay, and complications. The umbilicus was used as the surgical site in all cases. All procedures were performed with a homemade glove port and standard straight 3- or 5-mm laparoscopic instruments. Results: Seventy-three patients (55 males, 18 females) were identifed. Procedures included 46 orchidop-exies, 21 pyeloplasties, 8 varicocelectomies, 3 nephrecto-mies, 3 nephroureterectomies, 3 orchiectomies, and 1 renal hydatid cyst treatment. Median operative time for the entire cohort was 47 min (range 26-156 min). There was no signifcant intraoperative blood loss. No conversion to conventional laparoscopy or open surgery was needed. All patients required paracetamol postoperatively. The mean follow-up was 18 months. Two patients had testicular atrophy after a Fowler-Stephens procedure and 1 patient had testicular reascension. Cosmetic results were excellent. Forty-five (62.5%) patients were discharged on the day of surgery. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that LESS surgery using our glove port technique and conventional laparoscopic instruments is a feasible and safe technique for the surgical management of various pediatric urological conditions.

Arda, Ersan; Cakıroglu, Basri; Akdeniz, Esra; Yuksel, Ilkan; Cetin, Gizem; Hilmi Aksoy, Suleyman

2019 Current Urology

doi: 10.1159/000489435pmid: 31316325

Introduction: To investigate renal papillae attenuation value differences between controls and stone-forming (SF) patients and to evaluate the impact of mean Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements on the predictivity of stone development. Materials and Methods: We compared papillae attenuation values in SF groups and a healthy stone-free control group. Metabolic evaluations were carried out on 88 primary and 98 recurrent SF patients, and 94 age-matched control patients were included. The papillae tip attenuation was measured using non-enhanced computed tomography scans in HU for an area with a mean size of 0.2 cm². Inclusion criteria to the study were known stone composition (CaOx), unilaterality, and radiological examinations done in our center. Results: In this study, 186 patients who met the criteria and 94 age-matched control patients were divided into 3 groups: the primary SF (Group 1), the recurrent SF group (Group 2), and the control group (Group 3). Metabolic variables which were compared between primary and recurrent SF did not show any significant difference, except urinary volume and phosphorus. The median (interquartile range) value of papillae HU density for the control group was 26.23 (3.84), for primary SF group it was 26.50 (11.25), and for recurrent SF group it was 29 (13). A significant difference in papilla HU levels for each group was found (p = 0.008). Conclusion: This study implied that HU values reflect the severity of the stone disease, although they could not discriminate controls from primary stone formers whose stone forming risk is lower compared to recurrent stone formers.

Roehmholdt, Max; Roehmholdt, John

2019 Current Urology

doi: 10.1159/000489436pmid: 31316326

Pheochromocytoma of the bladder is a rare bladder tumor. We report a case of an 80-year-old female who presents with recurrent bladder tumors consistent with pheochromocytoma of the bladder, discovered 10 years post-resection of a prior pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder. She was treated with partial cystectomy and was found to be symp tom free at 6-month follow-up.

Marasca, Claudio; Cappello, Milena; Patruno, Cataldo; Marasca, Dario; Squillace, Lorenzo; Megna, Matteo

2019 Current Urology

doi: 10.1159/000489438pmid: 31316327

To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of recurring small red macules (petechia), exclusively localized on the gland secondary to fellatio in an adult man, who is on therapy with acetylsalicylic acid. No previous studies have been ever conducted on the possible onset of penis petechia after oral sex. Petechia are nonspecific cutaneous lesions appearing as circumscribed sub-epithelial hemorrhages, or appearing as small dark red or purplish spots as a result of capillaries rupture.