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doi: 10.1136/sti.51.5.296pmid: 172190
Motility of pathogenic T. pallidum was maintained in aerobic in vitro cultures for several weeks using a special medium. The latter consisted of McCoy's 5a medium supplemented with glutathione, sodium pyruvate, HEPES buffer, gentamycin (garamycin), and fetal calf serum. The virulence of the organisms was lost in 5 to 6 days. No multiplication of the organisms was observed. Four antibiotics (viomycin, kanamycin, gentamycin (garamycin), and neomycin) were tested for their bactericidal action and possible toxicity to T. pallidum. Gentamycin proved to be superior to the other three antibiotics in being non-toxic to the treponemes and showing a possible stimulatory effect on their motility and longevity. Cultivation of T. pallidum in cultured cells in the presence of the enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, in a special medium showed possibilities for future experimentation under monitored, reduced oxygen pressure with a continuous system to dismutate superoxide radicals.
Horvath, I; Arko, R J; Bullard, J C
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.5.301pmid: 1104074
Nitrogen and oxygen gases were injected into mouse subcutaneous chambers which contained virulent Treponema pallidum. The effect of each gas on the viability and survival of T. pallidum in an in vivo system was determined. In comparison with the effects in nontreated control mice, injection of nitrogen enhanced both motility and survival time, but oxygen exerted a deleterious effect.
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.5.305pmid: 127646
Animal experiments were performed to determine if a single-dose treatment for acute gonorrhoea with 2 g. spectinomycin could cure a simultaneously acquired syphilis at a very early stage of incubation. 300 treponemes (Nichols stain T. pallidum) were inoculated intratesticularly and 3 days later spectinomycin was administered in a dose which produced spectinomycin serum levels similar to those in patients who had received a single oral dose of 2 g. This dosage of spectinomycin did not prevent the development of syphilitic orchitis or reactivity to the FTA-ABS test, but it prolonged the subclinical incubation period.
Berger, G S; Keith, L; Moss, W
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.5.307pmid: 811317
Among 2,005 women attending a contraceptive clinic 9-3 per cent. were found to have gonorrhoea. When these women were classified according to the method of contraception used at the time of their initial visit to the clinic, the following prevalence of gonorrhoea was observed: oral contraceptives 11-5 per cent., intrauterine contraceptive devices 9-9 per cent., barrier methods (condom-diaphragm-foam) 4-2 per cent. These differences are statistically significant. The authors suggest that the additional protective advantage of barrier methods should be considered when the physician and patient are selecting appropriate methods of contraception.
Digiacomo, R F; Gale, J L; Wang, S P; Kiviat, M D
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.5.310pmid: 811318
Two adult male baboons (Papio cynocephalus) were infected by urethral catheter with a Type D strain of Chlamydia trachomatis isolated from a male patient with nongonococcal urethritis. Chlamydial organisms were shed from the urethra for about 90 days and serum antibody developed. Intraurethral re-inoculation of homologous and heterologous (Type I) strains of Chalmydia, 4 and 11 months later, resulted in relatively shorter periods of infection of less than 15 days. The antibody titres and type-specific patterns were not substantially influenced by re-infection.
Burns, D C; Darougar, S; Thin, R N; Lothian, L; Nicol, C S
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.5.314pmid: 1242683
Cervical swabs for Chlamydia culture were collected from 638 unselected women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic with a fresh complaint. Chlamydia were isolated from 76 (12 per cent.) of the women. When the results were related to the patients' diagnoses, Chlamydia were present in 44 per cent. of women with gonorrhoea and in 22 per cent. of women who were contacts of men with nonspecific urethritis (women who may be regarded as having non-specific genital infection). Chlamydia were uncommon in women with no evidence of genital infection. Significant correlations were found between the presence of Chlamydia and cervical erosion, cervical cytological inflammatory change, and absence of symptoms. Isolates were obtained more frequently from women with non-specific genital infection who were primary contacts than from women who were secondary contacts. These findings support the concept that Chlamydia are pathogens in the genital tract and are sexually transmitted.
Ackers, J P; Lumsden, W H; Catterall, R D; Coyle, R
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.5.319pmid: 1081423
Vaginal secretions from 508 women were examined for evidence of infection by Trichomonas vaginalis, and for antibodies directed against this organism; 42 women (8-3 per cent.) were found to be infected. Secretions from 29 of these women were assayed and antibody apparently directed against T. vaginalis was found in 22 (76 per cent.) of them. Eight out of nineteen secretions (42 per cent.) from apparently uninfected women also contained antibody. Amongst the infected women, no correlation could be found between the presence or absence of antibody and the degree of inflammation, duration of symptoms, use of oral contraceptives, or additional sexually-transmitted disease; there was, however, a slight suggestion that low parasite counts in the vaginal secretions were associated with the presence of antitrichomonal antibody.
Roome, A P; Montefiore, D; Waller, D
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.5.324pmid: 172191
The microneutralization test was used to determine the occurrence of antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis Type 1 and Type 2 in sera from patients attending the Special Clinic, Bristol Royal Infirmary, with proven herpes genitalis, and in sera taken from blood donors in Bath, Dursley, and Bristol, as well as from donors in three different prison populations. The findings in patients with herpes genitalis indicate that the test accurately reflects the antibody response expected in relation to the type of herpes virus isolated from the lesions. The incidence of Type 2 antibodies among the blood donors ranged from 5 per cent. for donors from the Bath area up to 60 per cent. among donors from Dartmoor prison. The findings suggested that Type 2 herpes infection could spread among longterm prison populations, and it is postulated that this may be due to both homosexual contact, and also by non-sexual contact, either directly or via fomites.
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