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Ovcinnikov, N M; Delektorskij, V V
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.1.10pmid: 1092423
Ultrathin sections of a rabbit scrotal syphiloma were examined by electron microscopy. Treponemes were observed in the endo-, peri-, and epineurium of the nerve fibre. The significance of these findings, in that infection may be transmitted via the nerve fibres and pain reduced by damage to the afferent fibres, are discussed.
Schell, R F; Musher, D M; Jacobson, K; Schwethelm, P
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.1.19pmid: 804955
We have recently shown that syphilitic rabbits are resistant to challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. This resistance was thought to reflect stimulation of cell-mediated immunity by active infection with Treponema pallidum. We now report data which show that the growth of Listeria was not suppressed in mice inoculated with T. pallidum. Re-inoculation with T, pallidum or with a large dose of an avirulent treponeme also failed to suppress the growth of Listeria. These results contrast with those obtained in rabbits and provide additional evidence that T. pallidum is not infective for the mouse.
Diena, B B; Ryan, A; Ashton, F E; Wallace, R; Perry, M B; Daoust, V
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.1.22pmid: 804956
An intracerebral challenge of HPB black mice with Neisseria gonorrhoeae is described. In this mode, the mice died from 1 to 6 days after challenge, and T1 organisms were obtained up to the fifth day from brain, liver, kidney, and spleen. Experimental gonococcal vaccines gave good protection against the challenge.
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.1.25pmid: 804957
1,001 consecutive women seen in a V.D. clinic were screened for gonorrhoea by cultures of urinary sediment, the endocervix, and anal canal. Recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on culture of urinary sediment was 81-7 per cent. as productive as culture of the endocervix, and 79-2 per cent. compared to endocervical and anal canal culturing. Urogenital symptoms were present in 55-1 per cent. of women with negative cultures and 64-6 per cent. of those with gonorrhoea. A complaint of dysuria increased the likelihood of a positive urinary sediment or endocervical culture. Culture of urinary sediment is less sensitive than culture of the endocervix. However, the ease with which specimens are obtained and the relative simplicity of the technique could make this method an acceptable tool for screening large numbers of women for gonorrhoea.
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.1.28pmid: 804958
(1) An indirect fluorescence test for the detection of anti-gonococcal antibody is described. (2) Positive results at a serum dilution of 1 in 16 or above were obtained with sera from 20 per cent. of males and 61 per cent. of females with bacteriologically proven gonorrhoea. 3-8 per cent. of presumed false positive results were given by sera from patients presumed not to have gonorrhoea. (3) In different groups of sera, tests for IgM anti-gonococcal antibody were positive in 32 per cent. of those from males but in only 43 per cent. of those from females with positive cultures.
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.1.31pmid: 1125747
419 patients with uncomplicated gonorrhoea were treated with sulphamethoxazole 4 g. combined with trimethoprim 0-8 g. divided into two doses with an 8-hr interval. The failure rate was 1-9 per cent. Parallel with this trial, 319 patients received pivampicillin 1-4 g. combined with probenecid 1 g,; the failure rate was 0-9 per cent. Side-effects were few, four patients in the first group and one in the second group developing a rash. No recurrences were noted in nine patients treated for tonsillar gonorrhoea with the trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole schedule, while two recurrences were found in thirteen patients treated with pivampicillin-probenecid. The frequency of post-gonococcal urethritis was 7-7 per cent. in the pivampicillin-pro-benecid group against 3-4 per cent. in the trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole group, a difference which was not statistically significant.
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.1.38pmid: 123818
126 female patients with proven gonococcal infection were treated with 4 g. spectinomycin bihydrochloride given intramuscularly in a single does. In 120 cases followed up there were four possible treatment failures, giving a cure rate of 97-6 per cent. 99 male patients with acute gonococcal urethritis were treated with a single dose of 2, g. sectinomycin bihydrochloride. Of 88 cases followed up, there were three possible treatment failures, giving a cure rate of 96-6 per cent. Spectinomycin is an important addition to gonorrhoea therapy but should be reserved for penicillin sensitive patients and penicillin insensitive infections.
doi: 10.1136/sti.51.1.41pmid: 1125748
During 1972 a total of 2,090 men and 1,489 women were seen in the VD clinic in Uppsala, Sweden. The most frequent diagnosis among the men was non-gonococcal urethritis (38 per cent.) and among the women non-gonococcal vaginitis (34 per cent.), N. gonorrhoeae was found in 22 per cent. of the men and in 33 per cent. of the women, 68 per cent. of the men with gonorrhoea attended because of symptoms, but 67 per cent. of the men without gonococcal infections came for the same reason. 39 per cent. of the women with gonorrhoea attended after being told by their sexual partner; it was found that women coming because of symptoms were most likely to have non-gonococcal infection. Gonorrhoea without subjective symptoms was found in 23 per cent. of the men and 50 per cent. of the women. Gonorrhoea was found in association with scabies in 9 out of 18 men and in 3 out of 5 women. A rising incidence of pharyngeal gonococcal infections has been noticed at the clinic and the figures for 1972 were 6 per cent. of the men and 9 per cnet. of the women with gonorrhoea. The route of infection was usually oro-genital contact, but in some cases other routes had to be considered. It was not possible to define a promiscuous group of patients suitable for a planned study of prophylactic treatment, as only 2 per cent. of the men and 1 per cent. of the women had had nore than one gonococcal infection during the preceding year. The standard treatment for genital gonorrhoea (ampicillin 2 times 1 g. orally with a 5-hour interval) was very satisfactory and gave a 98 per cent. cure rate. This was possible because there were few gonococcal strains with decreased panicillin sensitivity. There were considerable problems in treating the pharyngeal infections, the standard treatment failing in 61 per cent.
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