Pathology International

Ito, Masafumi; Nakayama, Atsuo; Ohbayashi, Masaharu; Nakagawa, Atsuko; Kasai, Kenji; Fujino, Masahiko; Asai, Junpei

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1997.tb04493.xpmid: 9143021

A panel of rat monoclonal antibodies directed against mouse splenic stromal cells were isolated. These monoclonal antibodies were Immunohistochemically divided into four groups which reacted with non‐lymphoid cells of the murine spleen; (1) in the white pulp, (11) at the marginal zone, (111) in the red pulp, and (IV) on the endothelium of splenic blood vessels. These monoclonal antibodies were studied Immunohistochemically In lymphoid organs by means of light and electron microscopy. Monoclonal antibodies SS‐4 (group I) reacted with fibroblastic reticulum cells that were distributed only in the white pulp of the spleen and In the follicular areas of lymph nodes. The SS‐4 staining cell, In clustered splenic stromal cells, formed colonies which Included a small number of Thy‐1 positive lymphocytes. Therefore, we concluded that SS4 staining stromal cells comprise the lymphoid cornpartment. In contrast, monoclonal antibodies SS‐1, SS‐3 and SS‐5 (group II) reacted with dendritic shaped cells in the marginal zone of the spleen. Examination of splenic extra‐medullary hematopolesis in mice rescued by bone marrow transplantation after lethal irradiation revealed that SS‐3 and SS‐5 reacted with dendritic shaped stromal cells in clonal nodules of engrafted marrow in the red pulp. SS‐3 and SS‐5 staining cells could not be observed in physiologic hematopoiesis of non‐transplanted mice. It was suggested that SS3 and SS‐5 staining stromal cells are Involved in primitive hematopoiesls. Monoclonal antibodies SS2, SS‐6 and SS‐7 (group 111) mainly reacted with dendritic cells and macro‐phages in the red pulp. Monoclonal antibodies SS‐8 and SS‐9 (group IV) reacted with endothelial cells of blood vessels and sinuses. These findings of heterogeneity in mouse splenic stromal cells are further evidence that specific micro‐envlronments are composed by speclalired stromal cells.

Hori, Kazutoshl; Uematsu, Kunio; Yasoshima, Hitoshi; Sakurai, Kazunari; Yamada, Aklhiko

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1997.tb04494.xpmid: 9143022

Testicular anaplastic seminoma, which has a high mitotic activtiy, is regarded aa more malignant than typical seminoma, although its prognosis is still unclear. To determine whether seminoma with relativety greater malignancy potential can be ldentified based on the cell proliferative activity, the mitotic rate (MR; mitotic count per high‐power field), mitotic Index (MI; mitotic count per 1000 cells), Ki‐67 labeling Index (K1–67 LI; the percentage of positive cells) and prolifereting cell nuclear antigen LI (PCNA LI; the percentage of positive cells) were histologically examined In 44 patients. The MI, Kl‐67 LI and PCNA LI In patients with metastatlc disease were signmeantly higher than those in patients without metastatic disease, and the MI In patients with fatal disease was signmcantly higher than those in patients cured of the disease. However, these distributions of the MI, K1–67 LI and PCNA LI values overiapped for both pairs of groups. There were no significant differences in the YR. These results suggest that the cell proliferatbe activity makes a small contribution to the malignancy potential in testicular seminoma, with the activity being not necessarily indicative of metastasis and prognosis.

Hori, Kazutoshi; Uematsu, Kunio; Yasoshima, Hitoshi; Sakurai, Kazunari; Yamada, Akihiko; Ohya, Munehiko

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1997.tb04495.xpmid: 9143023

The nm23 gem, has been ldenwied as a metastasis suppressor gene. To clam the role of nm23 as a metastasis sup pressor gene In testicular seminoma, the expression of the nm23‐Hl and ‐H2 proteins (human nucleoside‐dlphosphate kinase‐A and ‐B) was Immunohistochemically examined in 43 patients. Thirty‐six (84%) and 21 (49%) of the 43 primary tumors were posithre for the nm23‐H1 and ‐H2 proteins, respecthrely. There was no significant difference in either nmH1 or ‐H2 expression between the 24 primary non‐invashre tumors and the 19 primary invasive tumors, or between the 31 primary tumors without metastasis and the 12 primary tumors with metastasls. In all, and 5 of 6 meta‐static tumors, the expression of nm23H1 and ‐H2 proteins was obsenred, respectively, and the expression was not decreased in the metestetlc tumors, compared to the primary tumors. In conclusion, the lmmunohistochemlcal expression of both the nm23‐Hl and ‐H2 gene products is not associated with the metastatic status or the invasive status of testicular seminoma, and it Is unlikely to be a useful non‐metastatic Indicator for testicular seminoma. Further studies are needed to elucidate the biological role of nm23.

Imalda, Katsumi; Hasegawa, Ryohei; Kato, Toshio; Futakuchi, Mitsuru; Takahashi, Satoru; Ogawa, Kumiko; Asamoto, Makoto; Yamamoto, Toshiyuki; Suzuki, Kanzo; Inagaki, Toshiaki; Shinagawa, Nagao; Shirai, Tomoyuki

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Marisavijević, Dragomir; Radoševič‐Radojkovič, Nina; Rolovič, Zoran

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1997.tb04497.xpmid: 9143025

ldentification of megakatyocytes by immunohistochemistry may be superior to hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) stain method for assessing megakaryocyte size and number In clinical specimens; however, a sidsby‐side comparison of the two methods has not been reported. In the present study, comparative morphometry using both methods was performed on marrow biopsies of normal individuals, and of patients with myela‐dysplastic syndrome, chronic myeloid leukemia and Immune thrombocytopenia. Morphometrlc results In the present study showed that precise megakaryocyte size can be calculated in normal and pathologic bone marrow sections by using HE stain if one employs stereological corrections. In contrast, megakaryocyte numbers can be more precisely detected by immunohistochemistry than by HE stain, particularly In myelodyspiastic syndrome and chronic myeloid leukemia. Differentiation disturbances and ineffective megakaryocytopolesls In myelodysplastic syndrome were demonstrated by immunomorphometric analyses.

Matsumoto, Koshi; Min, Wen; Yamada, Nobutaka; Asano, Goro

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1997.tb04498.xpmid: 9143026

The gastrolntestlnal autonomic nerve tumor (GAN tumor) is an uncommon stromal tumor with a morphological feature resembling the cell processes of the enteric plexus, and was originally teimed a plexoma or plexosarcoma. Light microscoplc studies show the GAN tumor most often consists of spindle‐shaped cells indistinguishable from a smooth muscle tumor or Schwann cell tumor. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations of 18 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) were performed. During ultrastructural examination, all of the 12 cases which were immunohisto‐chemically positive for S‐100 protein or neuron‐specific eno‐lase (NSE) showed synapse‐like structures containing dense core neurosecretory granules measuring 100–200 nm, and 40–60 nm endocytoplasmic vesicles. These results suggest that most GIST of neurogenlc origln are tumors derived from the myenteric nerve plexus.

Kurihara, Kenji; Nakagawa, Kenji

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1997.tb04499.xpmid: 9143027

A case of pigmented variant of benign oncocytic lesions is reported. The lesion was incidentally found in the pharynx of a 69‐year‐old man, and the gross appearances were multiple, small, flat elevations with black discoloration. Microscopically, ducts of seromucinous glands were replaced by melanin‐containing oncocytes and adjacent dendritic melan‐ocytes. To date, such a pigmented variant of benign oncocytic lesion has not been reported before.

Sasakl, Atsushi; Yokoyama, Shigeo; Nakayama, Iwao; Nakashlma, Kimihiro; Kim, Yang‐ll; Kitano, Seigo

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1997.tb04500.xpmid: 9143028

Hepatocellular carclnoma (HCC) with osteoclast‐like giant cells (OGC) developed in the cirthotic liver of a 42‐year‐old male. Serum protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II was elevated preoperatively. The patient died of the disease on the 28th postoperative day. Hlstologically, the tumor consisted of OGC and mononuclear cells (MC). The OGC were characterized by benign‐appearing nuclei, whereas the MC had atyplcal nuclei with a considerable number of mitoaes. A vaguely trabecular pattern was observed In the focal area of the tumor, but no evidence of overt HCC was found. lmmunohlstochemical analysis revealed that both OGC and MC were diffusely positive for histlocytic and mesenchymal markers. Some MC were focally posltive for cytokeratins 7, 8 and 19, and for albumin. Our clinical, histological and Immunohistochemical findings suggest that the MC were derived from hepatocytes, with some mesenchymal features, but the OGC were non‐neoplastic and reactive histiocytes.

Sasano, Hironobu; Irnaizumi, Hideaki; Nagura, Hiroshi

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1997.tb04501.xpmid: 9143029

A multilobular cystic juvenile granulosa cell tumor in a 33‐year‐old pregnant woman was examined. Pathologlcal examination of the specimen at Cesarian section at 38 weeks of gestation revealed three different histological patterns; diffuse prollferation, trabecular or cord‐like prollferation, and characteristic microfollicular patterns, as well as the presence of numerous luteinized stromal cells. These histological patterns were intermingled and transference among these patterns was detected. Immunoreactivity of steroldo‐genic enzymes including cholesterol side‐chain cleavage, 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17α‐hydroxylase was detected only in luteinized stromal cells. However, that of adrenal 4 binding protein, a transcription factor of steroldogenesis, was present in almost all the tumor cells as well as luteinked stromal cells, suggesting that tumor cells acquired the potential of metabolizing and synthesizing steroid hormones. The hormonal environment assoclated with pregnancy altered the histologlcal and biological features of this juvenile granulosa cell factor.

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1997.tb04502.xpmid: 9143030

The Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology have developed recommendatlons for the surgical pathology repotting of common malignant tumors. The recommendations for carcinomas of the urinary bladder are reported herein.