Pathology International

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02327.xpmid: N/A

Nakajima, Yasuyuki

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02328.xpmid: 3063063

Multifocal fibrin thrombosis and suppurative meningitis in the central nervous system was induced by intracerebral inoculation with a cytoplasmic or supernatant fraction of Fusobacterium necrophorum followed by intravenous inoculation with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharlde endotoxin in rabbits. Formation of fibrin thrombosis was reduced by heparin administration. Single intracerebral inoculation with the cytoplasmic or supernatant fraction caused suppurative meningitis. Nervous lesions were often associated with fibrinoid degeneration of the blood vessels. Bacterial lipopolysaccharlde endotoxin did not Induce apparent meningitis or fibrin thrombosis. The formation of fibrin thrombosis in the central nervous system might be attributable to the Shwartz‐man reaction.

Ogata, Minora; Shigematsu, Hidekazu; Sakai, Akio; Yanagidaira, Yasunori; Ueda, Gou; Kobayashi, Toshio

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02329.xpmid: 3213506

We carried out an experiment to analyze morphological differences in hearts of rats well adapted and poorly adapted to chronic hypoxia. Male and female Wistar rats, 1 week, 4 weeks and 9 weeks old, were employed on the assumption that adaptive ability was dependent on age and sex. These rats were raised at an altitude of 2,400 m and were kept for 7 to 9 weeks. Control groups were maintained at an altitude of 600 m during the same period of time. Each group consisted of 4 to 6 rats. At the end of the experiment, body weight, heart weight, ratio of heart weight to body weight and hematocrit were measured, and ventricular wall thickness, myocardial fiber diameter, capillary supply and mitochondria were morphometrically studied. Of the 6 experimental groups, the 4‐week‐old male rats (M2) had the highest body weight, as compared with the other experimental groups. In addition, relative to these other experimental groups, the following features were found for M2. Heart weight was intermediate, heart weight/body weight ratio was low and hematocrit was also low. Ventricular wall thickness was intermediate in the right ventricle (RV) and interventricular septum (IVS) but was thin in the left ventricle (LV). Myocardial fiber diameter was intermediate in the RV, large in the IVS and small in the LV. Capillary supply was intermediate in the RV and dense in the IVS and LV. Mitochondria were small but cristal density and percentage area, estimated from electron micrographs, were found to be high. These data showed that in well developed rats under chronic hypoxia, there is good development of capillary supply with corresponding restriction of cardiac hypertrophy, while hematocrit count and mitochondria are also affected.

Hirata, Munetaka; Watanabe, Teruo

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02330.xpmid: N/A

In the present study we attempted to quantitate the sequential changes occurring in cholesterol‐induced aortic and coronary lesions in normotensive and renovascular hypertensive rabbits, which were placed on a 0.5% cholesterol atherogenic diet for 16 weeks and observed for up to 104 months after withdrawal of the diet After measuring the degree of surface involvement, a representative longitudinal section covering the whole length of the aorta was obtained, and histometric quantitative analysis was carried out using an image‐processing system. Furthermore, ten continuous step‐sections of the left coronary artery bed were prepared from each animal, and the degrees of luminal stenosis were estimated in all arterial segments contained. After withdrawal of the cholesterol diet, foam cell lesions of the aorta and coronary artery were gradually replaced by flbromuscular tissue. The hypertensive animals showed a greater degree of smooth muscle cell proliferation. Formation of atheroma occurred almost invariably after cessation of cholesterol feeding, and it was noted that hypertension aggravated the severity and extent of both aortic and coronary atherosclerosis. Upon histometric analysis, evidence of reduction of aortic lesions and significant reversal of luminal narrowing of the coronary artery were observed in normotensive as well as hypertensive animals. These results suggest that, even in hypertensive animals, substantial regression of both aortic and coronary atherosclerosis can be expected after normalization of hypercholesterolemia.

Motoyama, Teiichi; Watanabe, Hidenobu; Yamamoto, Takahiko; Sekiguchi, Morimasa

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02331.xpmid: 2850705

Production of the β‐subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) by human germ cell tumors was studied in surgical specimens, cultured cells and xenografted tumors. β‐hCG was identified most frequently in the syncytiotro‐phoblastlc and intermediate trophoblastic components of choriocarcinoma, and it was also detected in syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells, occasionally in association with embryonal carcinoma, and less frequently with yolk sac tumor, seminoma and dysgerminoma. Our experimental data suggest that β‐hCG production by syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells in association with embryonal carcinoma is a result of trophoblastic differentiation of embryonal carcinoma. Moreover, it was proved that the production of β‐hCG by human embryonal carcinomas is regulated by more factors than is the case for human choriocarcinomas.

Segami, Hideo; Abe, Masafumi; Wakasa, Haruki

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02332.xpmid: N/A

Eleven cases of Leu 3a+ Leu 8− peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), excluding adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma, were studied by Immunostalning with monoclonal antibodies and enzyme histochemistry in order to clarify the histogenesis of PTCL. Seven of the eleven cases had varying degrees of polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. All cases were histologically characterized by neoplastic proliferation of clear cells and some cases showed a histologic background similar to IBL or AILD lesions with proliferation of 1m‐munoblasts or plasmacytoid cells and vascular proliferation. Immunohis‐tologic analysis of PLP‐flxed frozen tissues revealed that neoplastic clear cells expressed a Leu 3a+ Leu 8− phenotype (helper T‐cell subset). The distribution of Leu 3a+ Leu 8’neoplastic cells corresponded closely to that of DRC‐1+ cells, which are localized in the lymphatic follicles, but hardly at all with that of β‐glucuronidase+ vessels, termed PCV or HEV, which are usually present in T‐cell areas. One case only progressed from Leu 3a+ Leu 8− IBL‐like T‐cell lymphoma (IBL‐T), with proliferation of immunoblasts or plasmacytoid cells and vascular proliferation, to diffuse lymphoma of the large cell type showing none of these lesions. From these observations it is suggested that IBL‐T might progress to T‐cell‐type monomorphous diffuse lymphoma.

Yutani, Chikao; Imakita, Masami; Ishibashi‐Ueda, Hatsue; Isobe, Fumitaka; Ohe, Toru

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02333.xpmid: 3213508

Surgical resection of the endocardium and subendocardium often abolishes sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with old myocarcial infarct (OMI), unknown myocardial disease, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), presumably by interrupting the reentrant pathway. In order to define the morphologic characteristics of histologic components in the reentrant pathway, we carried out histopathological analysis of surgically resected specimens from 17 patients who underwent this procedure. Bundles of apparently viable and hydropic myocardial fibers embedded in dense fibrous and adipose tissues were identified throughout the specimens obtained from OMI, ARVD and idiopathic VT cases. In 3 patients with Idiopathic VT, most of the resected areas were composed of ventricular muscle, the components of which appeared histologically similar to Purkinje fibres. In all patients, the abnormal muscle cells were characterized by a loss of contractile elements, hydropic cytoplasm and an elliptic shape. Such an abnormal structure and arrangement of surviving cardiac fibers following tissue injury might play an important role in creating abnormalities of transmembrane potential, leading to the micro‐reentrant circuits that give rise to ventricular tachycardias.

Taguchi, Katsuji; Asano, Goro

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02334.xpmid: 2463729

The relationship between sinusoidal capillarization and pericellular fibrosis was studied in 29 specimens of human liver from patients with alcoholic liver disease. Immunohlstochemically, factor VIH‐related antigen was not observed in the normal sinusoidal lining cells, but was localized in the capillaries which proliferated in the pericellular fibrotic region. Fibronectln was localized in the proliferated endoplasmic reticulum of newly formed vascular endothelial cells and hepatocytes with the development of pericellular fibrosis, laminin became apparant in the plasmalemmal vesicles of capillary endothelial cells and pericytes and in the endoplasmic reticulum of mesenchymal cells in Disse's space. From these results, It was revealed that pericellular fibrosis was closely related to sinusoidal capillarization. Furthermore, it is suggested that this sinusoidal capillarization may be caused by neovascularization, and that the extracellular matrix produced by endothelial cells, hepatocytes and mesenchymal cells may promote this process.

Fukayama, Masashi; Koike, Morio

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02335.xpmid: 2463730

Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung (SHL) was investigated immunohistochemlcally, histochemically and ultrastructurally with reference to cellular components associated with the histologic pattern: cuboidal cells in the papillary type, round cells in the solid type, flat cells in the hemorrhagic type and stromal cells in the sclerotic type. immunohistochemically, cuboidal cells were positive for CEA, cytokeratin and EMA, whereas other cells were positive for EMA and vimentin. immunoreactive factor‐VIII‐related antigen was confined to endothelial cells. Histochemically, cuboidal cells displayed alkaline phosphatase activity, but round cells showed ATPase activity. However, in spite of these different histochemical and immunohistochemical properties, morphological continuity was clearly revealed in immunostained sections; direct connection of spaces lined by cuboidal and fiat cells, direct contact between cuboidal and stromal cells, and EMA expression of round cells associated with luminal structures were evident Ultrastructurally, cuboidal cells were like alveolar cells. Flat and stromal cells showed microvillous protrusions and a discontinuous basement membrane, but some cells contained lamellar bodies. Solid cellular sheets consisted of various cells intermediate between cuboidal and flat or stromal cells. Direct apposition among these cells was evident This morphological continuum confirms that each of these cell types are components of SHL as a whole. SHL may thus be merely sclerotic hemorrhagic alveolar cell tumor.

Arase, Yasuji; Endo, Yuzo; Hara, Mitsuru; Kumada, Hiromitsu; Ikeda, Kenji; Yoshiba, Akira

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02336.xpmid: 2463731

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver is exceedingly rare and has previously been reported in association with hepatic teratoma, hepatic cyst or hepatolithiasis. This paper describes an autopsy case of squamous cell carcinoma which developed with hypercalcemia in a cirrhotic liver. This cancer was characterized histologically, immunohistologically and ultrastructurally, and was found to exhibit immunofluorescence positivity for anti‐epidermal keratin monoclonal antibody, together with the presence of tonofllaments scattered sparsely in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells.