Pathology International

Nakamura, Yasuhiro; Komatsu, Yoshiharu; Hosokawa, Yoshiaki; Nakashima, Teruyuki; Nakashima, Nobuko; Yano, Hiroshi; Hashimoto, Takeo; Nakashima, Hirobumi; Takeya, Shigeru

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1980.tb01329.xpmid: 6249068

Cytomegalic inclusion disease (C.M.I.) is caused by the salivary gland virus which is species‐specific, and characterized by formation of inclusion‐bearing cells in various organs. From the view point of spreading, it is divided into the localized and generalized type. We studied 18 generalized cases of infants in whom inclusion‐bearing cells were detected in more than three organs. As to the portal of entry and the time of infection, cytomegalic inclusion disease can be classified into three subgroups in infants; congenital form (2 cases), early acquired form (8 cases) and acquired form with other debilitating diseases (8 cases).

Taki, Tadashi

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1980.tb01330.xpmid: 7395510

In order to assess the progress of the growth of large intestinal polyps into cancer, the epithelial height and the size of the epithelial nuclei were measured. Mucin histochemistry was also carried out. The increase of the histologic grade was based on the extent of epithelial pseudostratification; epithelial height became greater and epithelial nuclei increased in size. The histochemical mucin values were as follows: the total amount of mucin in a given area increased in grade I epithelia in comparison with its behaviour in normal ones, and then decreased gradually with the increase in histologic grade. Neutral mucin became more conspicuous with the increase of epithelial pseudostratification. The amount of sulphated mucin decreased with the increase in histologic grade. In normal epithelia, sialomucin was rarely seen, but in grade I and II epithelia which did not show nuclear stratification the amount of sialomucin increased strikingly. It then decreased in amount with the increase in histologic grade. The noticeable increase of the amount of sialomucin in grade I and II epithelia can be thought of as a temporary phenomenon which appears in an early stage of carcinogenic process. The large intestinal polyps go through several stages before turning into cancer.

Amano, Shigeru; Hazama, Fumitada

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1980.tb01331.xpmid: 7395511

Neurological findings and histopathology of the nervous system were studied in 30 patients with Kawasaki disease. As neurological manifestations, irritability, lethargy, meningeal signs such as nuchal rigidity, Kernig's sign, and opisthotonus, and facial nerve paralysis were present in 8 patients. In 9 out of 11 patients who had examination of cerebrospinal fluid, pleocytosis mainly consisting of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells was seen. Protein and glucose concentrations were within normal range. On histopathological investigation, aseptic chorio and/or leptomeningitis were present in 7 out of 14 patients. Severe edema, edema necrosis and localized status spongiosus were frequently observed. Atrophy, nonspecific degeneration and loss of neurons were detected, but pathognomonic changes were not evident. Marginal gliosis in the subpendimal region and superficial cerebral cortex and glial nodule formation surrounding the degenerated neurons were occasionally seen. Vascular changes such as endoarteritis, periarteritis and perivascular cuffing were present in 5 out of 14 patients, though such lesions were geneally mild. Ganglionitis and neuritis in the various areas were seen in 13 patients.

Fujiwara, Hisao

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1980.tb01332.xpmid: 7395512

For the purpose of observing the cytotoxic effect of N‐ethyl, N‐nitrosourea (ENU), a potent carcinogen on the central nervous system (CNS) at the late period of organogenesis, the embryonal telencephalic wall was hourly examined under the light and electron microscopes. Pregnant rats on the 13th day and 15th day of gestation were given either a single intravenous injection of 40 or 80 mg./kg. of ENU. The cytotoxic effect on the embryo treated on the 15th day of gestation was severer than that treated on the 13th day of gestation. The common pathological changes in both treated groups are; (1) mitotic arrest 1 hour after administration in the most inner zone of the ventricular layer, (2) degeneration and necrosis occurred predominantly in the so‐called DNA synthetic zone and resulting in cell loss of the ventricular layer, (3) elimination of degenerating products; and (4) tissue repair. The findings mentioned may indicate a cytotoxic effect inducing microencephalia, and furthermore, the teratogenic and carcinogenic mechanisms are discussed.

Yun, Kankatsu

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1980.tb01333.xpmid: 7395513

The sequential changes in isozyme distribution of lactate dehydrogenase and calculated ratios of H‐ to M‐subunit were studied by means of acrylamide gel enzymoelectrophoresis in Wistar rat fetal brains from pregnat rats which were administered ethylnitrosourea with a dose of 75 mg/kg on day 14 of gestation, to search for early effects on rat fetal brains of ENU which was transplacental carcinogen and teratogen, from a view point of metabolic aspects. The isozyme patterns were compared to those obtained from normal rat fetal brain. The H/M ratios of ENU‐treated group were significantly lower than those of control group. These data suggested that retarded differentiation of rat fetal GNS was induced by administration of ENU as far as LDH was concerned. The present data were discussed in relation to teratogenesis and carcinogenesis.

Yun, Kankatsu

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1980.tb01334.xpmid: 7395514

To provide the significance of LDH isozymes in rat CNS tumors, the changes in lactic dehydrogenase isozyme and calculated ratios of H‐ to M‐ subunit were studied by means of polyacrylamide gel enzymoelectrophoresis in tumor extracts from GNS tumors (7 astrocytomas, 4 oligodendrogliomas, 7 mixed gliomas, 6 anaplastic gliomas, 3 glioependymomas, 1 astroblastoma, 11 neurinomas, 8 anaplastic neurinomas and 1 meningioma in Wistar rats which were induced by ethylnitrosourea). The isozyme patterns were compared to those obtained from normal rat CNS tissues. Among the glioma group, oligodendroglioma showed the highest H/M ratio followed by mixed glioma, glioependymoma, astrocytoma, astroblastoma and anaplastic glioma in order of decreasing of H/M ratios. On the other hand, the H/M ratio of neurinoma was significantly higher than that of anaplastic neurinoma. These observation suggested that determination of LDH isozyme patterns could supplement the histological evaluation of brain tumors.

Hasegawa, Akio; Mori, Wataru

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1980.tb01335.xpmid: 7395515

To investigate the role of the pineal gland in the endocrine system, we examined 26 autopsy cases dying from non‐neoplastic diseases. The study was carried out on the hypothetic basis of the possible influences of the pineal gland on the pituitary‐ad renal axis, which we believe to be existing also in man. Measurements on the pineal gland revealed that the weight of the gland was directly proportional to the volume (r=0.94; P<0.001) and also to the nuclear density of the parenchyme (r=0.65; P<0.01). Then, the interrelationship between the weight of the pineal gland and the thickness of the adrenal cortex was determined (r=‐0.56; P<0.05). The pineal gland was significantly larger in weight in the prednisolone treated patients (166±66 mg, (±SD)) than in the others (97±52 mg; P<0.05). We conclude that the functional antagonism exists between the pineal gland and the adrenal cortex in man, although the mechanism involved has not been clarified yet.

Tsuneyoshi, Masazumi; Enjoji, Munetomo; Shinohara, Norio

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1980.tb01336.xpmid: 7395516

This clinicopathologic study concerns four cases of epithelioid sarcoma, which were seen among a group of 603 cases of soft tissue sarcomas in our file. The patients were of young age between 8 and 21 years at the time of initial treatment. The tumors arose in the upper (2 cases) or lower extremities (2 cases), and consisted histologically of irregular nodular masses of polygonal epithelioid cells merging with spindle cells. Electron microscopy in two cases revealed that the tumor cells were an admixture of synovioblast‐like cells and fibroblast‐like cells, the former cells being characterized by pseudoacini and filopodia. In three of the four patients, the tumors recurred one to three times, and one patient with primary tumor had metastases to the skin of the more proximal portions of the same extremity and to the regional lymph nodes. Follow‐up ranging from two to four years, however, revealed that all patients were living and well after single or multiple operations.

Yamagiwa, Hiroshi; Yoshimura, Hitoshi; Matsuzaki, Osamu; Ishihara, Akinori

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1980.tb01337.xpmid: 7395517

Multiple gastric carcinoma was investigated on 101 of 1901 resected stomachs. The frequency of multiple carcinoma was 4.7% and 6.9% of the advanced and early carcinomas, respectively. Male to female ratio was 2.9 to 1 with average age of 62.0 and that was 1.9 to 1 with average age of 57.7 in the total gastric carcinomas. The well‐differentiated carcinomas with intimate relation to the intestinal metaplasia increased by aging and occupied about 70% of all lesions. The intestinal metaplasia usually showed higher grade in the cases with multiple carcinomas than those with single lesion. It should be considered that intestinal metaplasia plays the important role in the histogenesis of gastric carcinoma, especially in that of the well‐differentiated one.

Yamagiwa, Hiroshi; Ishihara, Akinori; Matsuzaki, Osamu; Yoshimura, Hitoshi

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1980.tb01338.xpmid: 6249069

The incidence of 454 resected adenomas was histologically 87.8% of tubular, 7.7% of tubulovillous and 4.5% of villous adenomas, respectively. Eighty‐eight percent of villous and tubulovillous adenomas were located in the rectosigmoid region. Male to female ratio was 1 to 1.8, 1.5 to 1 and 1.8 to 1 for the villous, tubulovillous and tubular adenomas, respectively. Adenocarcinomas of large intestine consisted of 684 cases, 709 lesions and male to female ratio was 1 to 1.01. It should be considered that the adenomas in female may grow largely compared with those in male, with subsequent malignant transformation. Although the adenomas were found at the rate of 26.4% in the rectosigmoid region, 74.2% of the adenocarcinomas were found In this region, because the adenomas in this region grow largely compared with the other regions. Mucinous carcinomas were found in 33%, 23% and 9%, respectively, in the adenocarcinomas with remaining adenoma showing villous, tuvulovillous and tubular types.