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doi: 10.1093/swr/25.2.71pmid: N/A
The research reported in this article assessed the effect of a cognitive-behavioral program to prevent HIV/AIDS among 139 adolescents in residential centers in Israel. Sixty-one adolescents underwent an intensive HIV/AIDS-prevention intervention program (treatment group), and 78 adolescents did not receive this treatment (control group). Self-report instruments were used to assess the participants' knowledge, attitude, coping skills, and behavior about HIV/AIDS before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 12 months later. The intervention had a significant effect on the treatment group's knowledge about HIV/AIDS, attitudes towards prevention, and coping with HIV/AIDS-related high-risk situations. The changes were still evident at the 12-month follow-up. In addition, at follow-up participants in the treatment group were 2.5 times more likely to have vaginal sex with a condom than the control group participants.
Weisz, Arlene N.; Black, Beverly M.
doi: 10.1093/swr/25.2.89pmid: N/A
A sexual assault and dating violence prevention program presented in an urban middle school was evaluated to assess its influence on the knowledge and attitudes of an intervention group of 46 and a comparison group of 20 African American seventh graders. A quasi-experimental pretest, posttest, follow-up group design was used to evaluate the program's effectiveness. At posttest the intervention group's mean knowledge and attitude scores were significantly higher than pretest mean scores. At follow-up the intervention group's knowledge and attitude scores improved significantly over pretest scores; the comparison group's scores did not improve. At pretest girls had more knowledge and attitudes that were less supportive of sexual assault and dating violence compared with the boys' knowledge and attitudes. At follow-up gender differences disappeared. Results support the need for early prevention programming among youths in inner-city schools.
doi: 10.1093/swr/25.2.103pmid: N/A
This study examined whether and how variations in client participation affect outcomes of intensive family preservation services in child welfare. Two distinct components of participation were identified: collaboration with workers in treatment planning and compliance with program expectations. Controlling for case characteristics and duration of services, results of a simultaneous equations model indicate that greater collaboration is related to better compliance. Compliance, in turn, predicts significant reductions in the likelihood of subsequent reports of child maltreatment and out-of-home placements. Compliance is not predictive of the substantiation of new reports of maltreatment or case closing in the public child welfare agency. Alternative explanations for the findings are considered. Although more active client participation might facilitate change in target problems, compliance itself may affect clinical and judicial decisions that lead to certain outcomes.
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