Stem Cells

doi: 10.1002/stem.5530050501pmid: N/A

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Yoshida, Yataro

doi: 10.1002/stem.5530050502pmid: 3305727

Abstract Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a diverse spectrum of disorders ranging from refractory anemia to a preleukemic state. Peripheral cytopenias, cellular marrow, dyplasias and dysfunctions of myeloid and lymphoid cells constitute hematological hallmarks, and are caused by ineffective hemopoiesis. Investigations of cell cultures and cellular functions indicate that the disease originates in a stem cell pluripotent to all myeloid cells and possibly lymphoid cells as well. The disease commonly runs a chronic indolent course, often terminating in acute leukemia or nonleukemic death, notably infections and/or hemorrhage due to cytopenias and cellular dysfunctions. Clonal expansion or clonal evolution appears to be related to the disease progression with a greater degree of malignancy. However, the initial sequence of events causing damage to stem cells is still undefined. 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Refined chromosomal analysis as an independent prognostic indicator in de novo myelodysplastic syndromes . Blood 1986 ; 67 : 1721 – 1730 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 161 Metcalf D . Review. The molecular biology and functions of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors . Blood 1986 ; 67 : 257 – 267 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 162 Young DC , Griffin JD. Autocrine secretion of GM-CSF in acute myeloblastic leukemia . Blood 1986 ; 68 : 1178 – 1181 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 AlphaMed Press This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

Yu-Cheng, Dai; Prchal, Jaroslav F.

doi: 10.1002/stem.5530050503pmid: 3497993

Abstract A semisolid culture system for B-cell colony formation is described. The system includes pretreatment of B-cells by neuraminidase-galactose oxidase and help of mitomycin-treated T-cells. With this assay system, colony-forming B-cell precursors were detected in all eight patients we studied with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. These patients' own T-cell helper effect was less than that of normal T-cells. B-lymphocyte, Colony, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia References 1 Preud'Homme JL , Seligmann M. Surface bound immunoglobulins as a cell marker in human lymphoproliferative disease . Blood 1972 ; 40 : 777 – 794 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 2 Aisenberg AC , Block KJ, Long JC. Cell surface immunoglobulins in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and allied disorders . Am J Med 1973 ; 55 : 184 – 191 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 3 Fialkow PJ , Najfeld V, Reddy AL, Singer J, Steinmann L. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Clonal origin in a committed B-lymphocyte progenitor . Lancet 1978 ; 2 : 444 – 446 . Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat 4 Prchal JT , Lucivero G, Carroll AJ, Lawton AR, Scott CW. A study of a patient with CLL, which demonstrates that proliferation of the lymphocytic clone in CLL does not include T-lymphocytes . Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1979 ; 13 : 231 – 236 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 5 Metcalf D , Warner NL, Nossal GJV, Miller JFAP, Shortman K. Growth of B lymphocyte colonies in vitro from mouse lymphoid organs . Nature 1975 ; 255 : 630 – 631 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 6 Izaquirre CA , Minden MD, Howatson AF, McCulloch EA. Colony formation by normal and malignant human B-lymphocytes . Br J Cancer 1980 ; 42 : 430 – 437 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 7 Radnay J , Goldman I, Rozenszajn LA. Growth of human B-lymphocyte colonies in vitro . Nature 1979 ; 278 : 351 – 353 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 8 Perri RT , Kay NE. Monoclonal CLL B-cells may be induced to grow in an in vitro B-cell colony assay system . Blood 1982 ; 59 : 247 – 249 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 9 Zafar MN , Pittmans S, Cherchi M, Catovsky D. Stimulation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by pokeweed mitogen after treatment with neuraminidase galactose oxidase . Clin Exp Immunol 1981 ; 44 : 124 – 128 . Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat 10 Autiok K , Turunen O, Lundquiet C, Schroder J. Activation of lymphocytes in CLL by Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus . Clin Exp Immunol 1978 ; 34 : 188 – 192 . Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat 11 Nowell P , Shankey T, Finan J, Guerry D, Besa E. Proliferation, differentiation, and cytogenetics of chronic leukemic B lymphocytes cultured with mitomycin-treated normal cells . Blood 1981 ; 57 : 444 – 451 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 12 Rai KR , Sawitsky A, Cronkite EP, Chanana AD, Lery RN, Pasternak BS. Clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Blood 1975 ; 46 : 219 – 234 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 13 Minden MD , Buick RN, McCulloch EA. Separation of blast cell and T-lymphocyte progenitors in the blood of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia . Blood 1979 ; 54 : 186 – 195 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 14 Preud'Homme JL , Labaume S. Detection of surface immunoglobulins on human cells by direct immunofluorescence. In: Bloom , David, eds. In vitro methods in cell mediated and tumor immunity . New York : Academic Press , 1976 : 155 . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC 15 Johnsen HE , Madsen M. Lymphocyte sub-populations in man. B-cell stimulation induced by pokeweed mitogen and indicated T-cells . Scand J Immunol 1979 ; 10 : 241 – 249 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 16 Han T , Dadey B. In vitro functional studies of mononuclear cells in patients with CLL . Cancer 1979 ; 43 : 109 – 117 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 17 Foa R , Catovsky D, Lauria F, Zafar MN, Galton DA. T-lymphocytes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Haematologica (Pavina) 1981 ; 66 : 105 – 116 . Google Scholar OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat 18 Fernandez LA , Macsween JM, Langley GR. T-cell function in untreated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Cancer 1977 ; 39 : 1168 – 1174 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 AlphaMed Press This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

Elste, Alice; Sullivan, Maureen E.; Murphy, Martin J.

doi: 10.1002/stem.5530050504pmid: 3624920

Abstract A simplified methodology has been developed which makes it possible to examine the ultrastructural details of cells cloned in vitro while retaining the cell/cell relationships within semi-solid cultures. Using mouse erythropoiesis as the model for study, electron microscopy revealed many normal characteristics of red blood cell differentiation and maturation, as well as several distinct dyserythropoietic features. The usefulness of this technology should apply to fine structural studies of clonally-derived material such as hematopoietic cells, tumor cell lines and primary tumor cultures. Erythropoiesis, Erythropoietin, Mouse bone marrow, CFU-e, BFU-e, Ultrastructure, Electron microscopy, In vitro colonies References 1 Ogawa M , Parmley RT, Bank HL, Spicer SS. Human marrow erythropoiesis in culture. I. Characterization of methylcellulose colony assay . Blood 1976 ; 48 : 407 – 417 . 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Living Blood Cells and Their Ultrastructure . New York : Springer-Verlag , 1973 : 124 . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 AlphaMed Press This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

Tsukada, Junichi; Misago, Masahiro; Sato, Tadatsugu; Oda, Susumu; Chib, Shyozo; Eto, Sumiya; Kikuchi, Makoto

doi: 10.1002/stem.5530050505pmid: 3497994

Abstract We investigated the effect of a recombinant human erythropoietin preparation (recombinant Epo) on murine megakaryocyte (MK) colony formation in serum-free and serum-containing culture systems, in order to study the relationship between Epo and megakaryopoiesis. Pokeweed mitogen spleen-conditioned medium (PWM-SCM), a standard source of MK colony stimulator, dose-dependently stimulated MK colony formation in the two culture systems. The plating efficiency of serum-free cultures was almost equal to that of cultures containing serum. Recombinant Epo also dose dependently stimulated MK colony formation in serum-containing cultures. However, in serum-free cultures recombinant Epo alone did not stimulate the growth of MK colonies; with the addition of fetal calf serum (FCS) to the serum-free cultures, recombinant Epo induced the growth of MK colonies. Furthermore, recombinant Epo enhanced MK colony formation through the stimulation of PWM-SCM or murine interleukin 3 (IL-3) in serum-free cultures. Our data show that Epo can act as a stimulator of megakaryopoiesis in collaboration with a factor in serum, or with an MK colony stimulator such as IL-3. Recombinant erythropoietin, Megakaryocyte colony formation, Serum-free culture References 1 McLeod DL , Shreeve MM, Axelrad AA. Induction of megakaryocyte colonies with platelet formation in vitro . Nature 1976 ; 261 : 492 – 494 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 2 Dukes PP , Izadi P, Ortega JA, Shore NA, Gomperts E. Inhibitory effects of interferon on mouse megakaryocytic progenitor cells in culture . Exp Hematol 1980 ; 8 : 1048 – 1056 . Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat 3 Freedman MH , McDonald TP, Saunders EF. Differentiation of murine marrow megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-m): humoral control in vitro . Cell Tissue Kinet 1981 ; 14 : 53 – 58 . 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The role of erythropoietin, thrombopoietic stimulating factor, and myeloid colony-stimulating factors on murine megakaryocyte colony formation . Exp Hematol 1984 ; 12 : 734 – 740 . Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat 18 Mazur EM , Hoffman R, Chasis J, Marchesi S, Bruno E. Immunofluorescent identification of human megakaryocyte colonies using an antiplatelet glycoprotein antiserum . Blood 1981 ; 57 : 277 – 286 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 AlphaMed Press This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

Katahira, Jun'Ichi; Mizoguchi, Hideaki

doi: 10.1002/stem.5530050506pmid: 3624921

Abstract The effect of low oxygen tension on the growth of human hemopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow was investigated using the semisolid methylcellulose colony assay. The clonal growth of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-gm), early (BFU-e) and late (CFU-e) erythroid progenitors, megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-meg) and pluripotent progenitors (CFU-mix) improved more markedly in incubation at the low oxygen tension (5%) than in conventional air (20%). The thiol compound 2-mercaptoethanol had a strong additive effect on colony growth in conventional air, but little or no effect in the low oxygen tension. These results suggest that enhancement of colony growth in the low oxygen tension may be due to a decrease in the production of oxygen intermediates. Low oxygen tension, Megakaryocyte progenitors, CFU-mix References 1 Pike BL , Robinson WA. Human bone marrow colony growth in agar gel . J Cell Physiol 1970 ; 75 : 77 – 84 . 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Hildebrand-Zanki, Susanne U.; Kern, David H.; Kern, David H.

doi: 10.1002/stem.5530050507pmid: 3624922

Abstract Because of technical limitations with the human tumor colony-forming assay (HTCFA), we determined the feasibility of using a thymidine incorporation assay (TIA) for new drug screening. Concordance between the TIA and the HTCFA was obtained (r = 0.840) with twenty coded compounds. Toxic agents without proven clinical efficacy were active in both assays, while non-toxic substances were inactive. Growth rates were higher with the TIA (75%) than with the HTCFA (45%), and the TIA could be completed in 6 days compared to 14–21 days with the HTCFA. We concluded that the TIA is a useful adjunct to in vivo tumor models for screening new anticancer agents. Drug screening, Thymidine incorporation, In vitro assay, Colony-forming assay References 1 Venditti JM . Preclinical drug development: rationale and methods . Sem Oncol 1981 ; 8 : 349 – 361 . Google Scholar OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat 2 Shoemaker RH , Wolpert-DeFilippes M, Kern LM, et al. 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Google Scholar OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat 23 Sondak VK , Bertelsen CA, Tanigawa N, Hildebrand-Zanki M, Morton DL, Kern DH. Clinical correlations with chemosensitivities measured in a rapid thymidine incorporation assay . Cancer Res 1984 ; 44 : 1725 – 1728 . Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat 24 Kern DH , Drogemuller CR, Kennedy MC, Hildebrand-Zanki M, Tanigawa N, Sondak VK. Development of a miniaturized, improved nucleic acid precursor incorporation assay for chemosensitivity testing of human solid tumors . Cancer Res 1985 ; 45 : 5436 – 5441 . Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 AlphaMed Press This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)