Framing Sexual Refusal Experiences among Emerging Adult Women: Politeness Theory in Unscripted TerritoryDalton, Elizabeth D.
doi: 10.1080/10510974.2021.2011356pmid: N/A
Although sexual refusal can be a complex, face-threatening interpersonal exchange, the nuances of these encounters are often overlooked by sexual and consent education messages. To examine this phenomenon more closely, the current study analyzed emerging adult college women’s descriptions of past sexual refusal episodes to better understand how they frame their sexual refusal experiences in terms of face needs and risks, and the cultural roles and scripts are reflected in the descriptions of sexual refusal. Two primary frames emerged through the analysis: Refusal as successful and refusal as failure. Thematic characteristics within each frame are examined in terms of politeness theory and face needs, as well as the broader cultural sexual scripts that impact norms surrounding who, how, when, and if sexual refusal can occur. Theoretical implications include consideration of how the discourse of U.S. sexual consent education emerges in the findings, the limitations of politeness theory in understanding sexual refusal, and suggest alternative theoretical approaches.
When Distal Group Norms Work: Testing Effectiveness of Distal Norm-based Messages as a Function of Desirability-motivated IdentificationJi, Yadong
doi: 10.1080/10510974.2021.1972018pmid: N/A
Most norm-based health campaigns on college campuses feature the most proximal group: health norms of the target college. However, the proximal group may have adverse norms, and fabricating positive proximal norms may be impractical. This study seeks to test norm-based health messages that feature distal groups. Drawing on the theory of normative social behaviors (TNSB) and literatures on desirability-driven identification, this study proposes that distal norms may influence college students’ health behaviors when they desire and identify with the distal group. Across three norms-reliant health topics (anti-drinking, anti-smoking, and pro-exercising), norm-based messages featuring a distal university were compared with norm-based messages featuring the target university and a no-message control by an experimental between-subject design. Participants reported that the distal norm-based message effectively encouraged regular exercise but did not reduce drinking or smoking. Theoretically, this study expands our understandings of distal normative influence on health behaviors. Practically, featuring distal group norms may be valuable when the proximal group norms are against health persuasion goals.
Probing the Effects of Normative Beliefs, Attitude Strength, and Attitude Certainty on Opinion Expression BehaviorKeating, David M.; Perrault, Evan K.; McCullock, Seth P.
doi: 10.1080/10510974.2021.2011350pmid: N/A
The reported study investigated the effects of normative factors and metacognitions on opinion expression behavior. It sought to add to the knowledge base by probing the extent to which they operate additively or non-additively. Participants were placed in an online opinion environment and given the choice about whether and how to express something. Perceived minority opinion status, trait-like fear of social isolation, situationally-dependent beliefs about the sanctions one would receive for expressing something, attitude strength, and attitude certainty were measured. The results failed to support a non-additive effect. Rather, three normative factors independently predicted whether participants commented, and attitude certainty solely predicted the directness of participants’ expressions. We speculate that normative beliefs may contribute to participants’ decisions about whether to express something, and metacognitions may contribute to the form of those expressions.
Team Diversity and Team Success in Collaborative CrowdsourcingWang, Rong
doi: 10.1080/10510974.2021.2011355pmid: N/A
The value of crowdsourcing in solving problems is its ability to aggregate diversity from a crowd. The literature tends to define diversity as a general attribute of the crowd, without unpacking it as a multidimensional concept or measuring it as an attribute of members within a crowd. This study examines collaborative crowdsourcing where people form virtual bona fide groups to win social issue contests. Guided by the literature on generative co-creation and Social Identity Theory, this paper investigates how diversity at the team level affects team winning. With behavioral data from a global crowdsourcing community Openideo, this study finds that teams with higher diversity in members’ expertise, winning experience, and geolocation distribution are more likely to win crowdsourcing contests. However, higher team diversity attributed to members’ community tenure could lead to worse team performance. Discussion on how to leverage the benefits of diversity in collaborative crowdsourcing while avoiding disruptive influences are provided.
Making Sense of Leaders’ Exits: Extending Exit Socialization Research through SensemakingGodager, Emily A.; Coker, Michael C.; Davis, Benjamin L.; Pink, Kari J.
doi: 10.1080/10510974.2021.2011354pmid: N/A
Changes in leadership are common in organizations, bringing about change and uncertainty for remaining organizational members. Organizational exit research commonly examines exit experiences from the perspective of exiting organizational members. We utilize sensemaking theory to explore remaining organizational members’ experiences surrounding a leader’s exit, thereby contributing to and extending this body of literature. We collected narratives from 53 participants who experienced a leader’s exit using a qualitative online survey. Results of our thematic analysis identify two important sensemaking experiences: learning about the leader’s exit and using cues to anticipate the future. Our discussion includes theoretical implications for sensemaking theory, organizational socialization, and studying remaining member experiences as a part of the organizational exit process.