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doi: 10.1007/BF03257974pmid: N/A
Abstract Over the last twenty years, modeling of the Hall-Heroult cell has given researchers an enhanced understanding of the physical laws which govern this time-honored unit’s operation. Such knowledge has led directly to important gains in productivity through higher cell amperage, increased current efficiency, improved energy utilization and longer cell life. Mathematical and physical models will continue to be key elements to further gains in reduction process technology.
doi: 10.1007/BF03257975pmid: N/A
Abstract Laboratory simulation oflarge-scale processes often enables significant savings when more efficient practices are discerned and transferred to actual production. In the particularly competitive steel industry, several organizations are engaged in projects to simulate the continuous-casting process. Modifications developed through such investigations can eliminate wasted time, energy and materials, as well as improve the product’s final properties. Further, the simulation of strip annealing can be accomplished in a thorough fashion with equipment which accounts for such variables as heating and cooling systems and mill thermal cycles.
doi: 10.1007/BF03257976pmid: N/A
Abstract A computer program has been developed which simulates the cyclic oxidation behavior of materials. The simulation is based on the assumption that the weight fraction of scale that spalls in any thermal cycle is proportional to the amount of scale present on the surface at the beginning of the cycle. The program provides plots as well as tabular data which describe the cyclic oxidation behavior of a given material. Individual input parameters can be selectively altered and the resulting change in cyclic kinetics determined, allowing the user to quickly survey a wide range of cyclic conditions on the kinetics of a given material.
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