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Itoh, Makoto; Inagaki, Toshiyuki
doi: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1701_2pmid: N/A
This article gives a microworld approach to identify design requirements for better situation awareness. Two experiments were designed and conducted. In the first experiment, behaviors of operators who lost situation awareness were analyzed, and the following two findings were obtained: (a) Automation must provide an operator with feedback information on the control mode, even when it is the operator who changed a control mode. (b) Authority for control may have to be passed from an operator to automation for attaining safety in highly urgent situations. The second experiment was done to investigate how human-interface may affect an operator's situation awareness. It is shown that human-interface must be carefully designed to externalize a mental model of the controlled process.
Nishida, Shogo; Koiso, Takashi; Nakatani, Mie
doi: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1701_3pmid: N/A
This article focuses on evaluation of organizational structure in emergency situations from the communication viewpoints. The communication process in an emergency is analyzed first, then the problems caused in the process are discussed. A communication model is proposed that considers human related factors such as an organization's "competence," "duty," "responsibility," and "knowledge." On the basis of the model, a system to evaluate organizational structure in emergency situations from the viewpoint of communication is designed. Finally, a prototype system is developed, and its evaluation results are represented. The article closes with a discussion of how the proposed communication model could be used to aid in the development of group communication support systems for emergency situations.
Watanabe, Tomio; Okubo, Masashi; Nakashige, Mutsuhiro; Danbara, Ryusei
doi: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1701_4pmid: N/A
A speech-driven embodied interactive actor called InterActor, with functions of both speaker and listener, was developed for activating human interaction and communication by generating expressive actions and motions coherently related to speech input. InterActor is the electronic media version of a physical interaction robot called InterRobot for robot-mediated communication support, which is free of the hardware restrictions for human interface of advanced graphical user interface based network communication. By using InterActor, the concept of speech-driven embodied interaction system is proposed for human interaction sharing by the entrainment between human speech and InterActor motions in remote communication. The prototype of the system is developed, and the sensory evaluation and behavioral analysis in human communication through InterActor demonstrates the effectiveness of the system. Actual applications of InterActor to human interface are also demonstrated. The system is a practical communication support system, which activates human interaction and communication on the basis of only speech input.
Hatakeyama, Takuro; Hagiwara, Fumio; Koike, Hajime; Ito, Keiji; Ohkubo, Hirohiko; Bond, C. Ward; Kasuga, Masao
doi: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1701_5pmid: N/A
When walking along streets or inside buildings, it is important for people with visual disabilities to acquire environmental information in order to update their mental map for accurate orientation as well as to ensure safe mobility. Various devices have been developed to acquire this information, but many problems remain unresolved. To overcome these difficulties, the authors describe two new additions to a Remote Infrared Audible Signage System (Talking Signs(r)) for use by people with visual disabilities that they can use not only in public places but also in the personal environment of their daily life. These efforts are currently taking place through a joint Japanese-U.S. company collaboration.
Shiose, Takayuki; Sawaragi, Tetsuo; Nakajima, Akira; Ishihara, Hideshi
doi: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1701_6pmid: N/A
This article focuses on the design of an interactive skill-transfer agent for parameter tuning of an image sensor used to distinguish inferior goods from regular goods in a production line. The authors analyze the difficulty of transferring skills from a viewpoint of ecological psychology that takes into account the reciprocal relations between the participant and the environment. This article introduces an agent-based interactive skill-transferring system that stretches the meaning of this reciprocity as an interaction between an instructor and a successor. In concrete terms, an interactive agent system is proposed using an interactive learning classifier system with facial icons to enhance the human user's trust in the agent. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this system in transferring a human expert's skills.
Watanabe, Tomio; Ogikubo, Masamichi; Ishii, Yutaka
doi: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1701_7pmid: N/A
A proposed embodied virtual communication system provides a virtual face-to-face communication environment in which two remote talkers can share embodied interaction by observing their interaction with two types of avatars. One is VirtualActor, a human avatar that represents talker communicative motion and respiratory motion. The other is VirtualWave, an abstract avatar that expresses human behavior and respiration by simplified wave motion. By using the system for the analysis by synthesis of embodied communication, the effectiveness of the visualization of respiration in VirtualActor and VirtualWave is demonstrated by the analysis of the entrainment of interaction and the sensory evaluation in remote communication.
Kurosu, Masaaki; Kobayashi, Tadashi; Yoshitake, Ryoji; Takahashi, Hideaki; Urokohara, Haruhiko; Sato, Daisuke
doi: 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1701_8pmid: N/A
This article presents an outline of information on the usability activities in Japan with a focus on the last 10 years. Although there were many activities in academia, substantial efforts were made in industry, and both activities coincided to form unique usability engineering in the country. Because of the language barrier that exists in many Japanese usability engineering professionals, just a few works have been presented at international conferences. This is the reason why the tried to summarize in English the usability engineering activity in Japan.
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