The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on obesity indices: critical umbrella review of interventional meta-analysesYang, Zhao; Shao, Zhuo; Ouyang, Weiyi; Ying, Lu; Guo, Rui; Hao, Mingxuan; Liang, Youfeng; Zhang, Wenjing; Chen, Xiaoyang; Chen, Ruolan; Yu, Changyuan; Prabahar, Kousalya; Găman, Mihnea-Alexandru; Kord-Varkaneh, Hamed; Li, Hao; Zhao, Binbin
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2225614pmid: 37341701
Abstract Despite a multitude of investigations assessing the impact of green coffee extract supplementation on obesity indices, there is still a great deal of heated debate regarding the benefits of this intervention in obesity management. Therefore, in order to clarify the effect of green coffee extract on waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and body weight (BW), we conducted an umbrella review of interventional meta-analyses. The Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Embase databases were searched using specific keywords and word combinations. The umbrella meta-analysis was performed using the Stata software version 17 (Stata Corp. College Station, Texas, USA). We pooled effect sizes (ES) and confidence intervals (CI) for the outcomes using the random effects model (the DerSimonian and Laird method). In total, 5 eligible meta-analyses were included in the final quantitative assessment. Data pooled from 5 eligible papers revealed that green coffee extract can reduce BW (WMD: −1.22 kg, 95% CI: −1.53 to −0.92, p < 0.001), BMI (WMD: −0.48 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.67 to −0.29, p < 0.001) and WC (WMD: −0.55 cm, 95% CI: −0.80 to −0.31, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses highlighted that green coffee extract supplementation in dosages ≤600 mg/day and interventions lasting >7 wk are more likely to decrease BW. The present umbrella meta-analysis confirms the beneficial effects of green coffee extract in reducing WC, BMI, and BW. Thus, we may infer that green coffee extract can be used as a complementary therapy in the management of obesity.
Tomato wastes and by-products: upcoming sources of polyphenols and carotenoids for food, nutraceutical, and pharma applicationsLópez-Yerena, Anallely; Domínguez-López, Inés; Abuhabib, Mohamed M.; Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa M.; Vallverdú-Queralt, Anna; Pérez, Maria
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2226211pmid: 37351571
Abstract Tomato pomace, a waste product consisting of peels, seeds, rich on fibrous matter, represents an underutilized source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and carotenoids. Here we present a three-pronged review of the circular utilization of tomato waste in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. First, we explain why tomato waste is important, highlighting the processing techniques that generate it. The bioactive compounds in these by-products are then comprehensively reviewed, focusing especially on phenolic compounds and carotenoids and the methods used for their extraction. Finally, we examine the potential of these bioactive ingredients for application in food systems and pharmaceutical products.
Recent advances in enhancing the production of long chain omega-3 fatty acids in microalgaeKumari, Arti; Pabbi, Sunil; Tyagi, Aruna
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2226720pmid: 37357914
Abstract Omega-3 fatty acids have gained attention due to numerous health benefits. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are long chain omega-3 fatty acids produced from precursor ALA (α-linolenic acid) in humans but their rate of biosynthesis is low, therefore, these must be present in diet or should be taken as supplements. The commercial sources of omega-3 fatty acids are limited to vegetable oils and marine sources. The rising concern about vegan source, fish aquaculture conservation and heavy metal contamination in fish has led to the search for their alternative source. Microalgae have gained importance due to the production of high-value EPA and DHA and can thus serve as a sustainable and promising source of long chain omega-3 fatty acids. Although the bottleneck lies in the optimization for enhanced production that involves strategies viz. strain selection, optimization of cultivation conditions, media, metabolic and genetic engineering approaches; while co-cultivation, use of nanoparticles and strategic blending have emerged as innovative approaches that have made microalgae as potential candidates for EPA and DHA production. This review highlights the possible strategies for the enhancement of EPA and DHA production in microalgae. This will pave the way for their large-scale production for human health benefits.
Cereal bran proteins: recent advances in extraction, properties, and applicationsHadidi, Milad; Garcia, Samuel Rodriguez; Ziogkas, Dimitrios; McClements, David Julian; Moreno, Andres
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2226730pmid: 37366171
Abstract The projected global population is expected to reach around 9.7 billion by 2050, indicating a greater demand for proteins in the human diet. Cereal bran proteins (CBPs) have been identified as high-quality proteins, with potential applications in both the food and pharmaceutical industries. In 2020, global cereal grain production was 2.1 billion metric tonnes, including wheat, rice, corn, millet, barley, and oats. Cereal bran, obtained through milling, made up 10–20% of total cereal grain production, varying by grain type and milling degree. In this article, the molecular composition and nutritional value of CBPs are summarized, and recent advances in their extraction and purification are discussed. The functional properties of CBPs are then reviewed, including their solubility, binding, emulsifying, foaming, gelling, and thermal properties. Finally, current challenges to the application of CBPs in foods are highlighted, such as the presence of antinutritional factors, low digestibility, and allergenicity, as well as potential strategies to improve the nutritional and functional properties by overcoming these challenges. CBPs exhibit nutritional and functional attributes that are similar to those of other widely used plant-based protein sources. Thus, CBPs have considerable potential for use as ingredients in food, pharmaceutical, and other products.
Increasing adipocyte number and reducing adipocyte size: the role of retinoids in adipose tissue development and metabolismWang, Bo; Du, Min
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227258pmid: 37427553
Abstract The rising prevalence of obesity is a grave public health threat. In response to excessive energy intake, adipocyte hypertrophy impairs cellular function and leads to metabolic dysfunctions while de novo adipogenesis leads to healthy adipose tissue expansion. Through burning fatty acids and glucose, the thermogenic activity of brown/beige adipocytes can effectively reduce the size of adipocytes. Recent studies show that retinoids, especially retinoic acid (RA), promote adipose vascular development which in turn increases the number of adipose progenitors surrounding the vascular vessels. RA also promotes preadipocyte commitment. In addition, RA promotes white adipocyte browning and stimulates the thermogenic activity of brown/beige adipocytes. Thus, vitamin A is a promising anti-obesity micronutrient.
Recent advances in bio-based extraction processes for the recovery of bound phenolics from agro-industrial by-products and their biological activityVilas-Franquesa, Arnau; Casertano, Melania; Tresserra-Rimbau, Anna; Vallverdú-Queralt, Anna; Torres-León, Cristian
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227261pmid: 37366277
Abstract Usually found bound to other complex molecules (e.g., lignin, hemicellulose), phenolic compounds (PC) are widely present in agro-industrial by-products, and their extraction is challenging. In recent times, research is starting to highlight the bioactive roles played by bound phenolics (BPC) in human health. This review aims at providing a critical update on recent advances in green techniques for the recovery of BPC, focusing on enzymatic-assisted (EAE) and fermentation-assisted extraction (FAE) as well as in the combination of technologies, showing variable yield and features. The present review also summarizes the most recent biological activities attributed to BPC extracts until now. The higher antioxidant activity of BPC—compared to FPC—coupled with their affordable by-product source make them medicinally potent and economically viable, promoting their integral upcycling and generating new revenue streams, business, and employment opportunities. In addition, EAE and FAE can have a biotransformative effect on the PC itself or its moiety, leading to improved extraction outcomes. Moreover, recent research on BPC extracts has reported promising anti-cancer and anti-diabetic activity. Yet further research is needed to elucidate their biological mechanisms and exploit the true potential of their applications in terms of new food products or ingredient development for human consumption.
Recent advances of ratiometric sensors in food matrices: mycotoxins detectionJing, Chunyang; Lv, Liangrui; Wang, Xiaoying
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227264pmid: 37366245
Abstract The public health problem caused by mycotoxins contamination has received a great deal of attention worldwide. Mycotoxins produced by filamentous fungi widely distributed in foodstuffs can cause adverse impacts on humans and livestock, posing serious health threats. Particularly worth mentioning is that mycotoxins can accumulate in organisms and be enriched through the food chain. Improving early trace detection and control from the source is a more desirable approach than the contaminated food disposal process to ensure food safety. Conventional sensors are susceptible to interference from various components in intricate food matrices when detecting trace mycotoxins. The application of ratiometric sensors avoids signal fluctuations, and reduce background influences, which casts new light on developing sensors with superior performance. This work is the first to provide an overview of the recent progress of ratiometric sensors in the detection of mycotoxins in intricate food matrices, and highlight the output types of ratiometric signal with respect to accurate quantitative analysis. The prospects of this field are also included in this paper and are intended to have key ramifications on the development of sensing detection conducive to food safety.
Bacteria from the gut influence the host micronutrient statusDje Kouadio, Dorgeles Kouakou; Wieringa, Frank; Greffeuille, Valérie; Humblot, Christèle
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227888pmid: 37366286
Abstract Micronutrient deficiencies or “hidden hunger” remains a serious public health problem in most low- and middle-income countries, with severe consequences for child development. Traditional methods of treatment and prevention, such as supplementation and fortification, have not always proven to be effective and may have undesirable side-effects (i.e., digestive troubles with iron supplementation). Commensal bacteria in the gut may increase bioavailability of specific micronutrients (i.e., minerals), notably by removing anti-nutritional compounds, such as phytates and polyphenols, or by the synthesis of vitamins. Together with the gastrointestinal mucosa, gut microbiota is also the first line of protection against pathogens. It contributes to the reinforcement of the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and to a better absorption of micronutrients. However, its role in micronutrient malnutrition is still poorly understood. Moreover, the bacterial metabolism is also dependent of micronutrients acquired from the gut environment and resident bacteria may compete or collaborate to maintain micronutrient homeostasis. Gut microbiota composition can therefore be modulated by micronutrient availability. This review brings together current knowledge on this two-way relationship between micronutrients and gut microbiota bacteria, with a focus on iron, zinc, vitamin A and folate (vitamin B9), as these deficiencies are public health concerns in a global context.