Saßmann, Heike; Kim-Dorner, Su-Jong; Framme, Juliane; Heidtmann, Bettina; Kapellen, Thomas; Kordonouri, Olga; Krosta, Karolin M. E.; Pisarek, Nicole; Lange, Karin
doi: 10.1037/pas0001243pmid: 37227835
The negative impact of psychosocial burden in connection with the treatment of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) indicates the need for regular screening of diabetes distress in adolescents with T1D and their parents. Psychometric properties of the German versions of Problem Areas in Diabetes scale–Teen (PAID-T) and Parent (P-PAID-T) are examined in order to provide a clinical screening tool. Linguistically translated questionnaires were used in a multicenter study with 459 families. Confirmatory factor analysis, validity, and reliability were examined. Teens (42.8% female) had a mean age of 14.7 years. Most parent–caregivers were mothers (74.4%) and were born in Germany (83.1%). Results corroborate the three-factor model for the PAID-T with acceptable model fit, and convergent and discriminant validity was observed. The four-factor model for parents was also supported but had inadequate discriminant validity in this study. Teen and parent scores showed excellent Cronbach’s α = 0.91 and 0.93, respectively. The PAID-T and P-PAID-T scores were positively correlated with HbA1c (rs = .343 and .252, respectively, p < .001) and negatively correlated with treatment satisfaction (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire) and KIDSCREEN-10 index (teens: rs = −.545 and −.575; parents: rs = −.563 and −.489, respectively, all p < .001). The P-PAID-T correlated positively with depressive symptoms measured in Patient Health Questionnaire –9 (rs = .537, p < .001). The German versions of PAID-T and P-PAID-T produced scores that demonstrated good reliability and validity. Like the original English versions, the German versions are useful to detect diabetes-specific distress in families and to tailor interventions for affected teenagers and their parents.
Brown, Jacob R.; Hicks, Adam D.; Sellbom, Martin; McCord, David M.
doi: 10.1037/pas0001218pmid: 37166849
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP; Kotov et al., 2017, 2021) is offered as a dimensional alternative to traditional categorical diagnostic nosologies such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD). HiTOP researchers have recently published an open-source assessment system for clinical implementation, the HiTOP Digital Assessment and Tracker (Jonas et al., 2021). Here, we argue that the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–3 (MMPI-3; Ben-Porath & Tellegen 2020a), given its structural similarities to HiTOP, can augment these efforts to shift the diagnostic paradigm, with the additional strength of being comprehensively validated, standardized, and normed. Sellbom et al. (2021) examined the factor structure of the MMPI-3 Specific Problems Scales (plus RC6 and RC8), finding a pattern of latent factors much like those proposed by HiTOP in both a general mental health sample and a prisoner sample. The present study is a partial replication of Sellbom et al. (2021) with a primary medical care outpatient sample (n = 164) and a college student sample (n = 529). A sequential factoring approach yielded emergent structures that are comparable to the HiTOP model. These findings with different and important samples support the generalizability of the MMPI-3 in assessing HiTOP constructs.
Truong, Quoc C.; Choo, Carol; Numbers, Katya; Bentvelzen, Adam; Merkin, Alexander G.; Brodaty, Henry; Kochan, Nicole A.; Feigin, Valery L.; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Medvedev, Oleg N.
doi: 10.1037/pas0001233pmid: 37227840
The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status–modified (TICS-M) is a well-established and widely used screening instrument for dementia and assessment of global cognitive function in older people. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the TICS-M and to enhance the accuracy of the instrument using Rasch methodology. Partial Credit Rasch model was applied to the TICS-M scores. The sample selected for Rasch analysis consisted of 432 participants aged 70–90 years (M = 78.85, SD = 4.73) including 195 males (237 females), and 132 (30.56%) of whom were diagnosed with dementia after the baseline assessment. Initial analysis indicated good reliability of the TICS-M assessment scores, but there were three misfitting items and local dependency issues. Combining locally dependent and misfitting items into super-items achieved the best Rasch model fit for the TICS-M. This modification improved reliability of the assessment scores and resulted in no misfitting items, no local dependency, strict unidimensionality, and invariance across individual factors such as participants age, sex, diagnosis, and in-person neuropsychological assessment scores. Satisfying Rasch model expectations allowed for creation of a transformation table to convert raw TICS-M scores into interval-level data, which improves precision of the instrument. In summary, the TICS-M assessment scores demonstrated excellent reliability as reflected by Person Separation Index (PSI = 0.86) and met expectations of the unidimensional Rasch model after minor adjustments. The ordinal-to-interval transformation table can be used to increase accuracy of the TICS-M without altering its current format. These findings contribute to more accurate assessments of cognitive decline in older people and screening for conditions such as dementia.
DeMarree, Kenneth G.; Naragon-Gainey, Kristin; Giancola, Abigail
doi: 10.1037/pas0001246pmid: 37227836
The recently developed Multidimensional Awareness Scale (MAS) consists of three subscales assessing individual differences in present-moment awareness of internal states (meta-awareness; MAS-MA), present-moment awareness of the external world (external awareness; MAS-EA), and in the adoption of a detached, observer perspective on one’s current internal states (decentered awareness; MAS-DA). The present article examines whether the constructs identified during the development of the MAS manifest during behavioral laboratory tasks. Study 1 (N = 242) examined participants’ memory for incidentally encountered external stimuli (criterion for external awareness) and reports of awareness of mind wandering during a lengthy vigilance task (criterion for meta-awareness), and Study 2 (N = 230) examined tolerance of a painful stimulus and concurrent and retrospective reports of pain (criteria for decentered awareness). Results supported the constructs of meta-awareness and decentered awareness and the corresponding validity of the MAS-MA and MAS-DA but incidental memory was not related to MAS-EA. Findings generally remained after controlling for previously established measures of mindfulness or decentering. Results are discussed with respect to theory on awareness-related concepts and potential uses of the MAS subscales.
Mayes, Susan D.; Calhoun, Susan L.; Waschbusch, Daniel A.
doi: 10.1037/pas0001234pmid: 36996162
No studies have analyzed differences between mother, father, and teacher ratings of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS; formerly sluggish cognitive tempo). The sample included 1,115 children with autism and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 4–16 years of age who were rated by mothers on the Pediatric Behavior Scale. Subsets of these children were also rated by fathers and/or teachers, resulting in 896 mother/father, 964 mother/teacher, and 745 father/teacher dyads. The CDS factor comprised four items assessing the core features of CDS: cognitive disengagement (in a fog/confused and stares/preoccupied/in own world) and hypoactivity (sluggish/slow moving/low energy and drowsy/sleepy/not alert). Overall, 37% of teachers, 22% of mothers, and 16% of fathers rated the children as significantly elevated on CDS symptoms. Teacher scores were significantly higher than mother scores, whose scores exceeded those of fathers. Agreement on whether a child had CDS was fair–moderate for mothers and fathers but poor for parents and teachers. Findings of more severe CDS teacher than parent ratings are in marked contrast to the opposite pattern found in studies of anxiety, depression, ADHD, oppositional behavior, conduct problems, autism, bullying, and victimization. Children may display fewer behavior problems at school than at home, and parents may be more aware of their child’s internal state than teachers. However, teachers may be more aware of the cognitive component of CDS that might interfere with functioning in the classroom more so than at home. Cognitive demands in school may reveal and intensify CDS symptoms. Findings highlight the importance of multi-informant ratings in research and clinical practice.
Lajiness-O’Neill, Renée; Warschausky, Seth; Huth-Bocks, Alissa; Taylor, H. Gerry; Berglund, Patricia; Staples, Angela D.; Lukomski, Angela; Brooks, Judith; Cano, Jennifer; Raghunathan, Trivellore; ,
doi: 10.1037/pas0001235pmid: 37166850
Term and preterm neonates were assessed at the newborn (NB) period (term, term equivalent) and at 2, 4, 6, and 9 months in a study of the psychometric properties of the Social/Communication/Cognition (SCG) domain of PediaTrac™ v3.0, a novel caregiver-based developmental monitoring instrument. Item response theory (IRT) was used to model item parameters and estimate theta, an index of the latent trait, social/communication/cognition. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to further clarify the dimensionality of the domain. In a cohort of 571 caregiver-infant dyads (331 term, 240 preterm), mean theta values could be reliably estimated at all time periods, with term infants demonstrating significantly more advanced social/communication/cognition abilities at 9 months of age. Item discrimination and item difficulty of the 15, 15, 35, 47, and 57 items at the NB, 2-, 4-, 6-, and 9-month periods, respectively, could be reliably modeled across the range of ability. Total Information for the SCG domain was high and the reliability ranged from 0.97 to 0.99 (NB = .98, 2 month = .97, 4 month = .98, 6 month = .99 and 9 month = .99). EFA revealed second-order factors at each time period, with two factors at the NB period (affect/emotional expression, social responsiveness) accounting for 43% of variance; three factors at 2, 4, and 6 months (affect/emotional expression, social responsiveness imitation/emerging communication), accounting for 43%, 34%, and 34% of the variance, respectively; and four factors at 9 months (imitation/communication, nonverbal/gestural communication, affect expression, and social responsiveness), accounting for 34% of the variance.
Brock, Rebecca L.; Ramsdell, Erin L.; Franz, Molly R.; Stasik-O’Brien, Sara M.; Gervais, Sarah J.; Calkins, Frances C.
doi: 10.1037/pas0001238pmid: 37227838
Despite multiple theories and treatment modalities emphasizing the importance of individuality in couple relationships, the field is lacking a reliable and valid measure of this construct. In the present study, we developed the Individuality in Couples (ICQ) questionnaire and demonstrated its strong psychometric properties across two samples of participants in committed intimate relationships (Sample 1 = 580 undergraduates; Sample 2 = 445 community members). The ICQ is comprised of 25 items that can be combined into a reliable total score to measure individuality in the context of couple relationships (i.e., the extent to which someone feels respected by their partner for their individuality and experiences personal autonomy in the relationship). Scores on the ICQ demonstrated high internal consistency, excellent construct replicability, convergent and divergent validity with measures of other relationship dimensions (i.e., intimacy, support, sexual satisfaction, psychological aggression, communication), criterion validity with measures of relationship satisfaction and partner health, and incremental predictive validity for explaining relationship satisfaction and partner well-being when controlling for other relationship dimensions. Results suggest that individuality in couples is largely a unidimensional construct that is distinct from more severe patterns of control and coercion characteristic of psychological aggression. The ICQ holds promise for identifying and promoting dynamics essential for healthy couple relationships.
Leary, Angelina V.; Dvorak, Robert D.; Burr, Emily K.; Peterson, Roselyn; De Leon, Ardhys N.; Klaver, Samantha J.; Maynard, Madison H.
doi: 10.1037/pas0001236pmid: 37227839
Recent research shows a link between identity and behavior change. Despite the existence of several measures that assess components of drinking identity, no measures examine the idiosyncrasies of a “Responsible Drinking Identity,” though responsible drinking is an aim of many alcohol-related interventions. The present study created a measure of responsible drinking identity, the Personal Assessment of Responsible Drinking Identity (PARDI). Two cross-sectional designs and a prospective follow-up were used to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the PARDI. Study 1 used a U.S. national sample of college students who endorsed alcohol use (n = 911) to conduct an Exploratory Factor Analysis. Study 2 consisted of college students from a Southeastern University (n = 1,096) and was used to conduct a Confirmatory Factor Analysis, as well as evaluate convergent, discriminant, concurrent, and incremental validity. A subsample from Study 2 was then assessed after 1 month (n = 194). The follow-up examined test–retest reliability and predictive validity. The PARDI consists of four identity-based factors that are indicative of responsible drinking. The measure had adequate validity across all domains and good test–retest reliability. The measure appears to predict future protective behaviorial strategies (safe drinking behaviors), which mediates the relationship between the PARDI and both future alcohol use and consequences, suggesting safe or responsible drinking identity may drive a key behavioral target of substance use interventions. The PARDI may offer a tool to aid in quantifying underlying constructs of identity and behavior change in substance use interventions.
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