Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

Kendall, Philip C.

doi: 10.1037/h0092570pmid: N/A

Hinden, Beth R.; Compas, Bruce E.; Howell, David C.; Achenbach, Thomas M.

doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.1.6pmid: N/A

Nosological (symptom overlap) and methodological (informant) artifact in the covariation of an empirically derived syndrome of anxious–depressed symptoms with 7 other syndromes of emotional and behavior problems was examined in reports by parents, teachers, and adolescents on a nationally representative sample of 908 adolescents. Although minor symptom overlap was observed and the effects of informant were significant, the anxious–depressed syndrome covaried significantly with all other syndromes after controlling for these effects. Indices of covariation controlling for informant effects were all significant and ranged for all syndromes except for delinquent behavior from .619 to .681, reflecting significant covariation of the anxious–depressed syndrome with both externalizing and internalizing syndromes. Covariation of the anxious–depressed syndrome and delinquent behavior was .470. Implications for research on the comorbidity–covariation of depressive syndromes during childhood and adolescence are highlighted.

doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.1.6pmid: N/A

Nosological (symptom overlap) and methodological (informant) artifact in the covariation of an empirically derived syndrome of anxious–depressed symptoms with 7 other syndromes of emotional and behavior problems was examined in reports by parents, teachers, and adolescents on a nationally representative sample of 908 adolescents. Although minor symptom overlap was observed and the effects of informant were significant, the anxious–depressed syndrome covaried significantly with all other syndromes after controlling for these effects. Indices of covariation controlling for informant effects were all significant and ranged for all syndromes except for delinquent behavior from .619 to .681, reflecting significant covariation of the anxious–depressed syndrome with both externalizing and internalizing syndromes. Covariation of the anxious–depressed syndrome and delinquent behavior was .470. Implications for research on the comorbidity–covariation of depressive syndromes during childhood and adolescence are highlighted.

doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.1.15pmid: N/A

This article examined marital interactions in 50 couples with a depressed husband, 41 couples with a depressed wife, and 50 nondepressed control couples. As expected, couples with a depressed partner evidenced more disturbed marital interaction than control couples. Furthermore, couples with a depressed wife demonstrated less positive communication than couples with a depressed husband, notwithstanding the fact the depressed husbands exhibited greater depression severity than depressed wives. Findings are integrated with recent research on gender differences in affective expression.

Johnson, Sheri L.; Jacob, Theodore

doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.1.15pmid: N/A

This article examined marital interactions in 50 couples with a depressed husband, 41 couples with a depressed wife, and 50 nondepressed control couples. As expected, couples with a depressed partner evidenced more disturbed marital interaction than control couples. Furthermore, couples with a depressed wife demonstrated less positive communication than couples with a depressed husband, notwithstanding the fact the depressed husbands exhibited greater depression severity than depressed wives. Findings are integrated with recent research on gender differences in affective expression.

doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.1.24pmid: N/A

In 2 studies, newlyweds reported whether they had participated in premarital counseling and provided data on known risk factors for marital dysfunction. Couples who participated in premarital programs were not at greater risk for marital difficulties, and in some cases participating husbands were at lower risk for marital difficulties compared with husbands who did not participate. Longitudinal data indicated that couples who participated in premarital programs did not have better marital outcomes than couples who did not participate. The present article also addresses the need to develop procedures that will increase at-risk couples’ participation in premarital programs and to improve the effectiveness of these programs in community settings.

Sullivan, Kieran T.; Bradbury, Thomas N.

doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.1.24pmid: N/A

In 2 studies, newlyweds reported whether they had participated in premarital counseling and provided data on known risk factors for marital dysfunction. Couples who participated in premarital programs were not at greater risk for marital difficulties, and in some cases participating husbands were at lower risk for marital difficulties compared with husbands who did not participate. Longitudinal data indicated that couples who participated in premarital programs did not have better marital outcomes than couples who did not participate. The present article also addresses the need to develop procedures that will increase at-risk couples’ participation in premarital programs and to improve the effectiveness of these programs in community settings.

Lutgendorf, Susan K.; Starr, Kathleen; McCabe, Philip; Antoni, Michael H.; Ironson, Gail; Klimas, Nancy; Fletcher, Mary Ann; Kumar, Mahendra; Schneiderman, Neil; Cleven, Karen

doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.1.31

doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.1.31pmid: N/A

This study tested the effects of a 10-week group cognitive–behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention on mood and immunologic parameters in HIV-seropositive gay men whose disease had progressed to a symptomatic stage. Men were randomized to either CBSM or a modified waiting-list control group. The CBSM intervention significantly decreased self-reported dysphoria, anxiety, and total distress. Individuals who practiced relaxation more consistently had significantly greater drops in dysphoria. The intervention also decreased herpes simplex virus–Type 2 (HSV-2) immunoglobulin G antibody titers. The control group showed no significant changes in either mood or antibody titers. Individual difference analyses revealed that decreases in dysphoria significantly predicted lower HSV-2 antibody titers by the end of the 10-week period. Neither group displayed changes in HSV–Type 1 antibody titers or in CD4+ or CD8+ cell numbers.

doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.1.44pmid: N/A

Quantitative review ofthe controlled treatment outcome literature for obsessive–compulsive disorder(OCD) showed that exposure with response prevention was highly effective in reducing OCDsymptoms. Cognitive approaches were also found to be at least as effective as exposureprocedures. It appears that both cognitive and exposure interventions involve someoverlapping procedures and capitalize on similar mechanisms of change. Serotonergicmedication, particularly clomipramine, also substantially reduced OCD symptoms. However,clomipramine may not be particularly superior to other serotonergic medication. Therelationship between side effects and effect size in medication trials was explored.