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Harter, Stephanie; Alexander, Pamela C.; Neimeyer, Robert A.
doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.5pmid: N/A
This study investigated family and social cognitive characteristics as possible mediators of social adjustment. Subjects were 85 college women, including 29 with a history of sexual abuse by a family member and 56 control subjects with no history of abuse. Results indicated decreased cohesion and adaptability in the family of origin, increased perception of social isolation, and poorer social adjustment among abused subjects. Additional analyses suggested that family characteristics and increased perceptions of social isolation were more predictive of social maladjustment than abuse per se. However, abuse by a paternal figure was related to poorer social adjustment even after significant family and social—cognitive variables were controlled.
doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.5pmid: N/A
This study investigated family and social cognitive characteristics as possible mediators of social adjustment. Subjects were 85 college women, including 29 with a history of sexual abuse by a family member and 56 control subjects with no history of abuse. Results indicated decreased cohesion and adaptability in the family of origin, increased perception of social isolation, and poorer social adjustment among abused subjects. Additional analyses suggested that family characteristics and increased perceptions of social isolation were more predictive of social maladjustment than abuse per se. However, abuse by a paternal figure was related to poorer social adjustment even after significant family and social—cognitive variables were controlled.
Eckenrode, John; Powers, Jane; Doris, John; Munsch, Joyce; Bolger, Niall
doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.9pmid: N/A
A representative sample of 796 sexual abuse, 198 physical abuse, and 880 child neglect reports in New York State in 1985 was examined to identify case factors that predict the substantiation of the reports following an investigation by child protective services. This issue has taken on added significance as the number of child maltreatment reports continues to rise, whereas the percentage of those being substantiated declines. Regression analyses revealed that reports from professionals were substantiated at a significantly higher rate than reports from nonprofessionals for all types of maltreatment. These analyses further revealed that part of the effect of source of report was due to differences between professional and nonprofessional reports in the types of actions taken after the report was received. The most important predictors of substantiation, after source of report, were the variables that reflected the case investigatory process. The data also showed that background characteristics, such as the child’s ethnicity or the number of children in the household, had some impact on the outcome of the investigation and that this varied as a function of the type of maltreatment.
doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.9pmid: N/A
A representative sample of 796 sexual abuse, 198 physical abuse, and 880 child neglect reports in New York State in 1985 was examined to identify case factors that predict the substantiation of the reports following an investigation by child protective services. This issue has taken on added significance as the number of child maltreatment reports continues to rise, whereas the percentage of those being substantiated declines. Regression analyses revealed that reports from professionals were substantiated at a significantly higher rate than reports from nonprofessionals for all types of maltreatment. These analyses further revealed that part of the effect of source of report was due to differences between professional and nonprofessional reports in the types of actions taken after the report was received. The most important predictors of substantiation, after source of report, were the variables that reflected the case investigatory process. The data also showed that background characteristics, such as the child’s ethnicity or the number of children in the household, had some impact on the outcome of the investigation and that this varied as a function of the type of maltreatment.
Maiuro, Roland D.; Cahn, Timothy S.; Vitaliano, Peter P.; Wagner, Barbara C.; Zegree, Joan B.
doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.17pmid: N/A
Anger, hostility, and depression were examined across four groups: a clinical sample of domestically violent men, two samples of more generally assaultive men, and a nonviolent control group. All subjects (N = 129) were assessed using the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The domestically violent men and the generally assaultive men evidenced significantly higher levels of anger and hostility than the control subjects. The anger and hostility scores were very similar in the domestically violent and the generally assaultive men. However, the domestically violent men were more likely to be significantly depressed. The findings support the idea that anger dyscontrol is a key issue in the psychological profile of domestically violent men and indicate the need for clinical attention to depression as well as anger.
doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.17pmid: N/A
Anger, hostility, and depression were examined across four groups: a clinical sample of domestically violent men, two samples of more generally assaultive men, and a nonviolent control group. All subjects (N = 129) were assessed using the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The domestically violent men and the generally assaultive men evidenced significantly higher levels of anger and hostility than the control subjects. The anger and hostility scores were very similar in the domestically violent and the generally assaultive men. However, the domestically violent men were more likely to be significantly depressed. The findings support the idea that anger dyscontrol is a key issue in the psychological profile of domestically violent men and indicate the need for clinical attention to depression as well as anger.
doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.24pmid: N/A
This study compared the affective responses of physically aggressive (PA), verbally aggressive (VA), withdrawing (WI), and nondistressed/nonaggressive (ND) couples during two 10-min problem-oriented discussions. Coding by outside observers was used to evaluate the motor-expressive components of spouses’ emotions. Spouses’ self-reports immediately following each discussion were used to assess physiological and phenomenological experiences during the discussion as well as to evaluate the external validity of the discussions. In three planned comparisons, PA spouses were compared with other conflictual but nonviolent spouses, all three groups of conflictual spouses were compared with ND spouses, and WI spouses were compared with VA spouses. Observers reported that PA husbands, compared with VA and WI husbands, exhibited more overtly negative behaviors and reported a more negative emotional state as well as somewhat more physiological arousal. The PA wives differed from the VA and WI wives in their escalating and then deescalating pattern of overt negative behaviors. Both ND wives and husbands were differentiated from all three conflictual groups by their low levels of negative affect, high levels of positive affect, and low levels of reported physiological arousal. In most respects, VA and WI spouses were quite similar. Discussion focuses on how these comparatively innocuous affective patterns might be related to extreme expressions of aggression.
Margolin, Gayla; John, Richard S.; Gleberman, Lisa
doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.24pmid: N/A
This study compared the affective responses of physically aggressive (PA), verbally aggressive (VA), withdrawing (WI), and nondistressed/nonaggressive (ND) couples during two 10-min problem-oriented discussions. Coding by outside observers was used to evaluate the motor-expressive components of spouses’ emotions. Spouses’ self-reports immediately following each discussion were used to assess physiological and phenomenological experiences during the discussion as well as to evaluate the external validity of the discussions. In three planned comparisons, PA spouses were compared with other conflictual but nonviolent spouses, all three groups of conflictual spouses were compared with ND spouses, and WI spouses were compared with VA spouses. Observers reported that PA husbands, compared with VA and WI husbands, exhibited more overtly negative behaviors and reported a more negative emotional state as well as somewhat more physiological arousal. The PA wives differed from the VA and WI wives in their escalating and then deescalating pattern of overt negative behaviors. Both ND wives and husbands were differentiated from all three conflictual groups by their low levels of negative affect, high levels of positive affect, and low levels of reported physiological arousal. In most respects, VA and WI spouses were quite similar. Discussion focuses on how these comparatively innocuous affective patterns might be related to extreme expressions of aggression.
Fantuzzo, John W.; Jurecic, Lisa; Stovall, Alex; Hightower, A. Dirk; Goins, Cynthia; Schachtel, Daniel
doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.34pmid: N/A
The present study compared peer and adult social-initiation interventions that were designed to increase the positive social behavior of withdrawn, maltreated preschool children. Thirty-six maltreated subjects were randomly assigned to peer treatment, adult treatment, or control conditions. In the peer treatment condition, peer confederates were trained to make play overtures to play-group dyads. Adult and peer confederates were matched in the number of positive initiations made during treatment. Conditions for the control group were identical to those for the other groups except the control-group peers or adults were not trained to make initiations. The results indicated significant pre—post differences favoring the peer treatment group in both treatment and generalization settings. School adjustment data supported these findings. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the adult treatment group and the control group on any measures.
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