Journal of Consulting Psychology

PAUL, GORDON L.

doi: 10.1037/h0024855pmid: 6075951

A TEST BATTERY ASSESSING SPECIFIC AND GENERAL TREATMENT EFFECTS WAS READMINISTERED TO SS PREVIOUSLY ASSESSED BEFORE TREATMENT, AFTER TREATMENT, AND AT A 6-WK FOLLOW-UP FROM GROUPS UNDERGOING INDIVIDUAL PROGRAMS OF (1) MODIFIED SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION, (2) INSIGHT-ORIENTED PSYCHOTHERAPY, (3) ATTENTION-PLACEBO TREATMENT, AND (4) NO TREATMENT. HIGHER RETURN RATES WERE OBTAINED THAN IN ANY PREVIOUS LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP, REVEALING MAINTAINANCE OF IMPROVEMENT FOUND EARLIER FOR INTERPERSONAL PERFORMANCE ANXIETY. SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION RESULTED IN THE GREATEST SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT (85%), FOLLOWED BY INSIGHT-ORIENTED PSYCHOTHERAPY AND ATTENTION PLACEBO (50% EACH), AND UNTREATED CONTROLS (22%). CHANGES WERE RELIABLE, PREDICTABLE, AND SHOWED EVIDENCE OF FURTHER GENERALIZATION. NO EVIDENCE OF RELAPSE OR SYMPTOM SUBSTITUTION WAS OBTAINED, ALTHOUGH THEY WERE SPECIFICALLY SOUGHT. METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF FOLLOW-UP STUDIES ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. (36 REF.)

LOREI, THEODORE W.

doi: 10.1037/h0024862pmid: 6075952

ATTEMPTED TO IDENTIFY CHARACTERISTICS OF RELEASED PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS AND THEIR RELATIVES THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SUCCESS IN REMAINING IN THE COMMUNITY AND OBTAINING EMPLOYMENT. 215 MALE PATIENTS WERE STUDIED AT THE TIME OF RELEASE AND FOLLOWED FOR 1 YR. 11 AND 13 VARIABLES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY (P < .05) CORRELATED WITH COMMUNITY STAY AND EMPLOYMENT, RESPECTIVELY. THE PREDICTOR INTERCORRELATION MATRIX WAS FACTORED, AND PATIENTS WERE SCORED ON THE RESULTING 6 VARIMAX FACTORS. A SERIES OF REGRESSION ANALYSES WAS RUN USING THESE FACTOR SCORES AS INDEPENDENT VARIABLES. DISTRESS/ALIENATION AND DRINKING/ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR WERE THE MOST IMPORTANT PREDICTORS OF LENGTH OF COMMUNITY STAY; CHRONICITY/SEVERITY OF DISORDER AND SIMPLE-MINDEDNESS WERE THE MOST IMPORTANT PREDICTORS OF EMPLOYMENT.

ZUCKERMAN, MARVIN; SCHULTZ, DUANE P.; HOPKINS, T. ROBERT

doi: 10.1037/h0024763pmid: 6075953

3 STUDIES CONDUCTED AT 3 DIFFERENT UNIVERSITIES TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS OF A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A SENSATION-SEEKING TENDENCY AND VOLUNTEERING FOR EXPERIMENTS IN HYPNOSIS AND SENSORY DEPRIVATION. MALE AND FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES WHO VOLUNTEERED FOR HYPNOSIS EXPERIMENTS WERE FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER ON THE SENSATION-SEEKING SCALE (SSS) THAN NONVOLUNTEERS. FEMALES VOLUNTEERING FOR SENSORY DEPRIVATION EXPERIMENTS WERE HIGHER ON THE SSS THAN NONVOLUNTEERS, BUT MALE VOLUNTEERS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN ONLY 1 OF THE 2 SAMPLES TESTED. MARKED UNIVERSITY POPULATION DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND ON THE SSS, AND THESE DIFFERENCES BORE SOME RELATION TO THE MAGNITUDE OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VOLUNTEERS AND NONVOLUNTEERS WITHIN EACH SEX GROUP. NO RELATIONS BETWEEN BIRTH ORDER, HYPOMANIA, ANXIETY, AND VOLUNTEERING WERE FOUND IN THE STUDIES WHERE THEY WERE EXAMINED. (17 REF.)

NEFF, WALTER S.; KOLTUV, MYRON

doi: 10.1037/h0024854pmid: 6075954

INVESTIGATED WHETHER CONTINUATION OF A PATIENT IN A COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM OF COMMUNITY-BASED PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION WAS RELATED TO HIS OVERALL STYLE OF COPING BEHAVIOR. EARLY IN THE SERVICE PROGRAM, 86 EX-MENTAL-PATIENTS WERE INDEPENDENTLY RATED B8 5-7 PROFESSIONALS ON A 7-CATEGORY SCALE: FEARFUL, DEPENDENT, IMPULSIVE, SOCIALLY NAIVE, WITHDRAWN, SELF-DEPRECATORY, HOSTILE. AT THE CLOSE OF THE PROGRAM, THEY WERE CLASSIFIED INTO 3 GROUPS: 30 SS WHO COMPLETED THEIR ASSIGNED REHABILITATION PROGRAM, 30 SS WHO DROPPED OUT BEFORE COMPLETION, AND 23 SS WHO WERE ADMINISTRATIVELY TERMINATED. RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE COPING SCALE WAS A RELIABLE ASSESSMENT DEVICE. COMPLETERS WERE JUDGED AS SIGNIFICANTLY LESS IMPULSIVE AND SOCIALLY NAIVE AND SIGNIFICANTLY MORE SELF-DEPRECATORY THAN THE OTHER 2 GROUPS COMBINED; THOSE TERMINATED DIFFERED FROM DROPOUTS ONLY IN THAT THE FORMER WERE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE SOCIALLY NAIVE.

BROWNING, ROBERT M.

doi: 10.1037/h0024863pmid: 6075955

THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MINIMALLY BRAIN-DAMAGED CHILDREN ARE MORE DISTRACTIBLE THAN NON-BRAIN-DAMAGED CHILDREN WAS TESTED IN A SERIES OF 3 EXPERIMENTS. EXP. I DEMONSTRATED THAT THE DISTRACTING CONDITION OF PERIPHERAL VISUAL STIMULI INTERFERED WITH DISCRIMINATION LEARNING IN NON-BRAIN-DAMAGED SS. IN EXP. II THE DISTRACTING CONDITION AGAIN INTERFERED WITH LEARNING IN NON-BRAIN-DAMAGED SS, BUT FAILED TO HAVE THIS EFFECT WITH BRAIN-DAMAGED SS. WHEN DIFFERENCES IN IQ WERE CONTROLLED STATISTICALLY, THE PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRAIN-DAMAGED AND NON-BRAIN-DAMAGED GROUPS WERE NO LONGER SIGNIFICANT. THE DISTRACTING CONDITION DID NOT INTERFERE WITH LEARNING IN A GROUP OF OLDER BRAIN-INJURED SS USED IN EXP. III. RESULTS FAILED TO SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS THAT A TASK-IRRELEVANT DISTRACTING CONDITION OF PERIPHERAL VISUAL STIMULI WOULD AFFECT THE PERFORMANCE OF BRAIN-INJURED SS MORE THAN THAT OF NON-BRAIN-INJURED SS. (22 REF.)

COWDEN, JAMES E.; PACHT, ASHER R.

doi: 10.1037/h0024859pmid: 6075956

152 CONSECUTIVE 1ST ADMISSIONS TO A CORRECTIONAL SCHOOL FOR DELINQUENT BOYS WERE ASSESSED IN ORDER TO DEVELOP AND COMPARE THE PREDICTIVE EFFICIENCY OF 5 MULTIPLE-REGRESSION EQUATIONS. THOSE EQUATIONS SHOWING SIGNIFICANT, PREDICTIVE EFFICIENCY INCLUDED THOSE PREDICTING: (1) INSTITUTIONAL ADJUSTMENT, (2) THE 1ST 3 MO. OF POSTRELEASE ADJUSTMENT, (3) TIME ON PAROLE UNTIL REVOCATION, AND (4) TIME ON PAROLE UNTIL DISCHARGE. A GLOBAL PROGNOSTIC RATING BASED UPON PERSONALITY FACTORS BEST PREDICTED INSTITUTIONAL ADJUSTMENT, WHILE A GLOBAL PROGNOSTIC RATING BASED PRIMARILY UPON FAMILY BACKGROUND FACTORS BEST PREDICTED POSTRELEASE ADJUSTMENT. RATINGS FROM PAROLE AGENTS' REPORTS WERE MOST PREDICTIVE OF TIME ON PAROLE UNTIL REVOCATION AND OF TIME ON PAROLE UNTIL DISCHARGE FROM PAROLE STATUS. A TECHNIQUE FOR USING MULTIPLE-REGRESSION RESULTS TO SEGREGATE DELINQUENT BOYS INTO SUBGROUPS WITH DIFFERING SUPERVISION AND TREATMENT NEEDS, FACILITATING THE USE OF SUCH RESULTS IN MAKING DAY TO DAY DECISIONS ABOUT THEM WAS DEMONSTRATED.

GRISSO, J. THOMAS; MEADOW, ARNOLD

doi: 10.1037/h0024839pmid: 6075957

HYPOTHESIZED AND CONFIRMED THAT SCORES ON CERTAIN WAIS SUBTESTS WOULD BE LOWERED WHEN PRESENTED IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE RORSCHACH. COLLEGE STUDENTS, WHO HAD TAKEN A SHORT FORM OF THE WAIS, WERE DIVIDED INTO 3 GROUPS MATCHED ON THE VARIABLES IQ, SEX, AND SCORES ON 3 WAIS VERBAL SUBTESTS. EACH OF THE 3 GROUPS WAS GIVEN 1 OF 3 TREATMENTS IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING READMINISTRATION OF THE SUBTESTS: THE ASSOCIATIVE PHASE OF THE RORSCHACH, A MODIFIED ADMINISTRATION OF THE BENDER-GESTALT TEST, OR NO PRECEDING TEST.

FEIRSTEIN, ALAN

doi: 10.1037/h0024850pmid: 6075958

INVESTIGATED THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERSONALITY FACTORS TO TOLERANCE FOR UNREALISTIC EXPERIENCES (TUE), I.E., A PERSON'S CAPACITY TO PERCEIVE IN WAYS WHICH CONTRADICT USUAL MODES OF PERCEPTION, IN 20 GRADUATE STUDENTS. PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY SUGGESTED THAT ABILITY TO ENGAGE IN BOTH UNREALISTIC AND DRIVE-RELATED THINKING THAT WAS INTEGRATED WITH MORE REALISTIC, NEUTRAL, SOCIALIZED THOUGHT SHOULD RELATE POSITIVELY TO TUE. AMOUNT AND INTEGRATION OF UNREALISTIC AND DRIVE-RELATED THOUGHT WERE MEASURED BY THE HOLT PRIMARY-SECONDARY PROCESS SCORING OF THE RORSCHACH TEST, ON A WORD-ASSOCIATION TEST, AND ON AN ART-PREFERENCE TEST. RESULTS INDICATE THAT TUE RELATED TO THE CAPACITY TO ENGAGE IN BOTH INTEGRATED UNREALISTIC AND IN INTEGRATED DRIVE-RELATED THOUGHT. THESE RESULTS ARE DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF THEIR RELEVANCE FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF PERSONALITY FACTORS INVOLVED IN RIGIDITY AND IN CREATIVITY. (25 REF.)

NEWBERRY, LAWRENCE A.

doi: 10.1037/h0024840pmid: 6075959

NEED FOR APPROVAL (N APP) AND EXPECTANCY (EXP) OF APPROVAL VS. DISAPPROVAL WERE MANIPULATED UNDER HIGH- AND LOW-CONSEQUENCES (CON) CONDITIONS (IN A 3 * 2 * 2 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE DESIGN) TO DETERMINE THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO DEFENSIVENESS (DEF). THE 3 N APP LEVELS WERE OBTAINED BY TRICHOTOMIZING SCORES ON THE MARLOWE-CROWNE SOCIAL DESIRABILITY SCALE; EXP WAS MANIPULATED BY PROVIDING SS WITH EITHER POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE VERBAL REINFORCEMENT DURING AN INTERVIEW; CON CONSISTED OF E POSING AS A THREATENING AUTHORITY FIGURE TO 30 SS AND AS A STUDENT TO THE REMAINING 30. 3 SEPARATE DEPENDENT-VARIABLE MEASURES WERE USED: THE K SCALE, GOUGH'S DEF SCALE, AND THE ROTTER INCOMPLETE SENTENCES BLANK. IT WAS PREDICTED THAT DEF WOULD INCREASE AS A FUNCTION OF N APP, EXP OF DISAPPROVAL, AND HIGH CON. HOWEVER, SS BECAME MORE DEFENSIVE ONLY UNDER THE HIGH CON CONDITION (P < .05), AND N APP WAS RELATED TO DEF ONLY UNDER EXP OF APPROVAL CONDITIONS (P < .05).

FEDER, CAROL Z.

doi: 10.1037/h0024838pmid: 6075960

ATTEMPTED TO CLARIFY THE RELATIONSHIP OF REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION TO ADJUSTMENT STATUS, SOCIAL DESIRABILITY, AND ACQUIESCENCE RESPONSE SET. SS WERE 83 HOSPITALIZED MALE MEDICAL/SURGICAL PATIENTS CLASSIFIED AS ADJUSTED AND 78 HOSPITALIZED MALE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS CLASSIFIED AS MALADJUSTED. THE DEFENSIVE STYLE OF REPRESSION OCCURRED WITH SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER FREQUENCY IN THE ADJUSTED POPULATION, WHILE THE DEFENSIVE STYLE OF SENSITIZATION OCCURRED WITH SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER FREQUENCY IN THE MALADJUSTED POPULATION. THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN THE REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION DIMENSION AND BOTH SOCIAL DESIRABILITY AND ACQUIESCENCE RESPONSE SET. HOWEVER, THE CORRELATIONS WERE LOW ENOUGH TO SUGGEST THAT THE REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION DIMENSION IS TAPPING SOMETHING NOT MEASURED BY THE OTHER 2 VARIABLES.