Journal of Consulting Psychology

English, Horace B.

doi: 10.1037/h0060741pmid: 18878223

The client's response to the counseling situation, compounded as it is of anxiety and hope, profoundly structures the whole relationship. Thus, nondirective procedures at the beginning often fail to create the permissive atmosphere within which the client can examine his feelings. In such cases, other procedures designed to accomplish the same end must be utilized. Nondirective procedures are not the whole of the counseling situation. The client's expectations, guilt feelings, and fears also powerfully structure the total situation. Thus, the paradoxical conclusion is reached that "nondirective procedures, by their very purity and rigor, sometimes interfere with nondirective therapy."

Huston, P. E.

doi: 10.1037/h0058134pmid: 18878224

Clinical psychology suggests dealing with people whose illnesses have important psychological components or are fundamentally of a psychological character. Practically, this means that clinical psychology would be closely associated with psychiatry. Several important advantages which would come from such a conception of the field are indicated. The functions of the clinical psychologist within the psychiatric field are suggested under the three headings of diagnosis, research, and therapy. A basic training program for the clinical psychologist who will function essentially in a psychiatric organization is presented.

Dymond, Rosalind F.

doi: 10.1037/h0056251pmid: 18878225

Insight is defined as the understanding of the self-other patterns or roles which the individual has incorporated and which form the basis of his expectations of others, his structuring of his life situations and the place he feels he occupies in them. The TAT was used to uncover self-other patterns and for evaluating empathic ability. Conclusions drawn from this investigation are that empathy may be one of the underlying mechanisms on which insight is based.

Rotter, Julian B.; Wickens, Delos D.

doi: 10.1037/h0054313pmid: 18878226

This study was undertaken to determine the interrater reliability and consistency of the subjects' behavior in two role-playing situations. The behavior studied was social aggressiveness. Results indicate that large discrepancies between raters appear when the raters did not have an explicit definition of the trait being measured or of the kind of behavior to observe in a given role. When attempts were made to eliminate these sources of error correlations were increased in magnitude. The average intercorrelation of eight raters for a single situation was .71. Further training would probably increase interrater reliability.

Woods, Walter A.

doi: 10.1037/h0060360pmid: 18878227

100 consecutive counselees, veteran applicants for vocational guidance, are the subjects of this study. The Kuder Preference Record and either the Army Alpha Test or the ACE, high school edition, were given to each subject. Evidence is presented that a negative correlation exists between artistic interest and academic accomplishment measured in terms of grade completed in school and ability in the Army Alpha Test. A negative correlation exists between artistic interest and verbal and computational interests. The author suggests that artistic and mechanical (or manual-manipulating) interest was developed primarily because activity in these fields afforded these men, when they were youngsters in school, the best possible medium by which they could express their ideas and demonstrate their abilities on a competitive basis. 15 references.

Rabin, Albert; Broida, Daniel

doi: 10.1037/h0059259pmid: 18878228

Following up a suggestion in the literature, the authors selected 41 proverbs for their possible value in evoking responses relative to patients' family relationships, attitudes toward marriage and the opposite sex, and toward their own status in life. Group administration is much less fruitful in terms of production of self-revealing material than individual administration. The scale is suggested as a basis for experimentation rather than as a "test."

Rubin, Harold

doi: 10.1037/h0055299pmid: 18878229

The MMPI was administered to 98 V.A. mental hospital patients within three weeks after admission. It is concluded that: (1) the MMPI has little diagnostic value at a VA mental hospital; (2) the K scale weakens rather than strengthens the discriminatory powers of certain of the individual subtests; (3) the Pd scale may have some significance in detecting those individuals referred to as "psychopathic;" (4) the Sc scale is the only scale which differentiated the four diagnostic groups (chronic alcoholic without psychosis, psychopaths, psychoneurotics, and psychotics) used in this study.

Faw, Volney

doi: 10.1037/h0056990pmid: 18878230

The Bernreuter Personality Inventory was administered to 98 evening students at a junior college. A week later the same group repeated the test but were asked to answer the same question seven times, once for each of seven different situations in which they participated. These seven situations were secondary contacts, place of employment, voluntary associations, the neighborhood, intimate friends of same sex, home, financé or spouse relations. There seems to be a general neurotic factor and four specific factors. Fifteen persons varied more than fifty percentile points in neuroticism dependent on the situation.