Journal of Consulting Psychology

Peres, Hadassah

doi: 10.1037/h0056546pmid: 20256568

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was any relation between the verbal expressions of the members of a therapy group and the value which they received from such therapy, and to discover whether processes similar to those of individual psychotherapy occurred in the group. The "benefited" group showed a great increase in the number of "therapeutic" statements and exhibited a therapeutic pattern similar to that of nondirective individual therapy. Eleven further findings are discussed.

Luchins, Abraham S.

doi: 10.1037/h0062370pmid: 20256569

There is a need for controlled experimental methods in the domain of group psychotherapy, so that some clarification may be introduced concerning the actual outcomes and relative efficacy of various programs, the value of group therapy as opposed to individual therapy, and the role and function of the group. The author describes various preliminary methods which he used in conjunction with group psychotherapy programs in 2 Army hospitals. The purpose of the methods was to control the programs while they were in progress and to test their outcomes.

Super, Donald E.

doi: 10.1037/h0060203pmid: 20256570

The Kuder Preference Record is reviewed in terms of its value in counseling individuals and in selecting students or employees. It is concluded that it has now been sufficiently well standardized and validated for use in vocational guidance. It has some validity in predicating educational success and job satisfaction. 30 references.

Lewis, John A.

doi: 10.1037/h0063247pmid: 20256571

The purpose of this investigation was to look for a relationship between measured occupational interests and personality tendencies, and to discover something about the extent of this relationship if it exists. 50 life insurance salesmen and 50 social workers took both tests. It is concluded that there is a relationship between occupational interests and personality tendencies.

Sarason, Seymour B.; Potter, Elmer H.

doi: 10.1037/h0056816pmid: 20256572

Poor performance on the colored Kohs block designs is associated with the inability to respond constructively to the colored Rorschach cards. It is suggested that (1) the presence of color stimulates emotional reactions which interfere with the intellectual functioning, or (2) the presence of colors makes the visual grasp of figure-ground relationships difficult and results in emotional reactions which make for inefficient intellectual functioning.

Rabin, Albert I.

doi: 10.1037/h0063321pmid: 20256573

Babcock test records of 404 psychiatric patients were analyzed. An obvious decrease of efficiency (as measured by Babcock's Efficiency Index) with age, regardless of diagnosis, was noted. A slight tendency for vocabulary to increase with age was also noted. It is concluded that age norms for the Efficiency Index would increase the efficiency, value, and validity of the Babcock test.

Reader, Natalie; English, Horace B.

doi: 10.1037/h0059646pmid: 20256574

This study, formulated as an attempt to investigate the controversy on the similarity or dissimilarity of personalities of friends, has indicated, if nothing else, that this is not the crucial issue in interpersonal relations. The key to greater understanding of the dynamics of friendship lies in further investigation of 2 factors: the mutual satisfaction of needs, and the availability of social contacts.

Gulde, Carl J.; Roy, Howard L.

doi: 10.1037/h0058493pmid: 20256575

A method is described for scoring the MMPI which makes possible, without the use of IBM, Hollerith, or Keysort equipment, and in a shorter time than has been claimed for other scoring methods, a means of getting the scores from the instrument onto the profile sheet ready for interpretation. This method does not provide a record of responses to each of the items.

Shaffer, Laurance F.

doi: 10.1037/h0053227pmid: N/A

Reviews the book, The AAF qualifying examination by Frederick B. Davis (Ed.) (1947). The reviewer reports that the AAF Qualifying Examination is a printed test used for the initial screening process in air crew selection that was given to over a million men from 1942 to 1946. According to the reviewer, this report describes the successive forms of the examination, the principles and techniques underlying its construction, and the data concerning the types of test items used: verbal, information, judgment and reasoning, mechanical, perceptual, and others.

Shaffer, Laurance F.

doi: 10.1037/h0053304pmid: N/A

Reviews the book, Multiple-factor analysis by L. L. Thurstone (1947). The reviewer reports that this book was initially intended as a revision of Vectors of Mind (1935), but this volume grew into an expanded treatise on the theory, rationale, and operations of factor analysis. Many of the controversial issues of the earlier volume are clarified by the more extended treatment; this is especially true of the concepts of simple structure, communality, and the rotation of axes. According to the reviewer, the book's logic is as impressive as its mathematics, and many parts of it contribute to the theory of experimental design, as well as to the more specific area of factor analysis. Although it can hardly be recommended to a reader without mathematical training, the clarity of presentation is remarkable, and the book is as readable as can be conceived in so symbolic a subject. The book includes a mathematical introduction of fifty pages reviews the basic concepts and symbols used, and can serve as a refresher or as a source of reference. The work is entirely theoretical; no applications to psychological problems are given, as these are covered by other references. Lastly, the reviewer states that this volume will become an indispensable guide for research workers using factor analysis, and a valuable textbook for advanced students.