International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management

1990 International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management

doi: 10.1108/EUM0000000000371

This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/eb014355. When citing the article, please cite: Gordon Wills, (1975), “Packaging as a Source of Profit”, International Journal of Physical Distribution, Vol. 5 Iss: 6, pp. 305 - 334.

Sara, Rod

1990 International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management

doi: 10.1108/EUM0000000000372

Packaging is a vital tool in the marketing mix, too oftenignored by companies, but twice as much is annuallyspent on this as on abovetheline advertising andpromotions. Packaging has two functions to protectand contain the product and as an interface to sellthe product to the enduser. Product branding onpackaging also represents the company distributingthe product. Good packaging requires research oftarget markets, retail environment and externalenvironment including social change and technologicaldevelopments. Consumers buy by image andperception of value. Packaging colour and the way itcan affect sales by consumers subconscious colourassociations are examined. Major packaging suppliersmonitor consumer trends and technological advancements,aware that packaging is the silent salesman.

Gray, Victor; Guthrie, John

1990 International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management

doi: 10.1108/09600039010138965

There is little doubt that consumers and manufacturersare becoming more environmentally conscious aboutpackaging. An overview is provided of recent trendsin packaging from the points of view of the consumer,the legislators, and the manufacturers. Theopportunities open to the marketer are highlighted asthis new consumer group emerges and discusses theneed for the companies involved to address the wholeissue of their own ethical standards within the company.

Robertson, Gordon L.

1990 International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management

doi: 10.1108/09600039010005575

The 1990s will be the decade of environmentalawareness. Governments have introduced or are aboutto introduce ecolabelling schemes for products andpackages. However, assessing the environmentalfriendliness of packaging can be meaningful only ifcognisance is taken of the six functions of packagingand the three environments where packaging has toperform. Categorising packaging as either good or badbased on whether or not it is recyclable or reusableis too simplistic an approach and could result in greaterrather than fewer environmental problems.

Lancioni, Richard A.; Chandran, Rajan

1990 International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management

doi: 10.1108/09600039010000787

The smooth operation of a logistics system in an internationalenvironment requires careful planning on thepart of the firm. All aspects have to be planned forand every possible contingency examined. Once theshipment leaves the shippers dock it is out of his controluntil it arrives at the consignees location. Internationallogistics systems work best when all the possibleinterfaces are planned for. One of the most importantareas is packaging. It is the package that will determinewhether the product arrives at a customers locationin proper condition. It is the package that will give thetransportation company the information it needs tomove the product to the proper customer location.

Sara, Rod

1990 International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management

doi: 10.1108/EUM0000000000373

Paperboard packaging is regarded as a most ecologicallysound and environmentally friendly packaging option,with benefits in product protection, waste and disposalproperties and easy recyclability. New Zealand has apaperboard packaging industry, small by internationalstandards, manufacturing 245,000 tonnes of packagingannually. Over 100,000 tonnes of recycled fibre 25 percent of all paper and paperboard consumed in NewZealand is recovered for recycling are included inpackaging boards for a variety of uses. New Zealandsforest management is worldrenowned the pulp andpaper industry sources its virgin fibre requirementsfrom plantation pine forests. The countrys major manufacturerof pulp and paperboard has developed a newpulpbleaching technique which avoids chlorine use. Itis also 50 per cent selfsufficient in energy generation.Packaging manufacturers are urged to avoid overpackagingand take responsibility to ensure environmentalfriendlinessby suppliers of inks and coatings.