Pathomorphology of humoral, cellular and combined primary immunodeficienciesHeymer, B.; Niethammer, D.; Spanel, R.; Galle, J.; Kleihauer, E.; Haferkamp, O.
doi: 10.1007/BF00432895pmid: 195390
Histologic, immunohistologic and electron microscopic findings in three children with primary immunodeficiencies are reported. Classical X-linked infantile agammaglobulinemia Bruton was present in case 1 (♂, aged 16 years), selective cellular immunodeficiency with thrombopenia in case 2 (♂, aged 2 1/2 years) and non-lymphopenic severe combined immunodeficiency in case 3 (♂, aged 1 3/4 years). At autopsy, all three cases exhibited unusual types of pneumonia. In case 2 a generalized cytomegalovirus infection was present. Case 3 disclosed panmyelopathia and chronic liver lesions due to severe GvH-reaction subsequent to bone marrow transplantation. A detailed morphologic study of the immune system revealed distinct alterations in the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes and the lymphatic tissues of the gastrointestinal tract characteristic of an immunodeficiency state, either humoral (case 1), cellular (case 2) or combined (case 3).
Bündelungsmuster der arteriellen HypertonieHöpker, W.; Nüssel, E.; Grühn, G.
doi: 10.1007/BF00432896pmid: 141784
Based upon factor analysis, initial findings of the risk factors for coronary heart disease are reported, following investigations performed on a large number of patho-anatomical cases which were selected for specified criteria. The so-called hypertensive form of arteriosclerosis was demonstrated in the spleen, pancreas, and adrenal gland. It was shown that diabetes mellitus is an influencing factor in arteriolosclerosis in the liver. Several types of arterial hypertension can be differentiated according to clinical features and findings in the heart. Renoparenchymatous and renovascular sclerosis, pyelonephritis, diabetes mellitus, and age are the factors correlated or associated with various types of hypertension. Primary(?) renal hypertension can be differentiated from the secondary(?) type. The discussion suggests that the morphological findings of arteriosclerosis and its complications may be explained, to a certain extent, by the known risk factors of coronary diseases defined by the methods described.
Koronararteriensklerose und Risikospektrum zur koronaren HerzkrankheitHöpker, W.; Nüssel, E.; Pasternak, G.; Hofmann, W.
doi: 10.1007/BF00432897pmid: 141785
A large number of cases were tested for the relevance of clinical risk factors in coronary heart disease with regard to coronary arteriosclerosis (atheroma, fibrosis; five different locations). The method applied was VARI-MAX-rotated factor analysis. The resulting factors were interpreted as the multiple variable structures which are in different relationships to the risk criterion, coronary heart disease, and morphological vascular diagnosis of the coronary arteries. The importance of the known risk of the vascular diagnosis was estimated and the reterance of the clinically influencing criterion was discussed. It appears that in spite of limited methodology additional morphological criteria are required in order to be able to explain heart infarction which does not involve the epicardial branches of the coronary vascular system.
Unilateral renal hypoplasia with associated venous anomaly and hypertensionBarajas, Luciano; Marks, Leonard; Trygstad, Carl
doi: 10.1007/BF00432899pmid: 141787
A child with unilateral renal hypoplasia, high plasma renin levels and hypertension was found to have large numbers of juxtaglomerular granular cells in the affected kidney. They were seen adjacent to and sometimes in the interior of hyalinized glomeruli or, in loose nests scattered in the interstitium. Ultrastructurally they contained large numbers of crystalline protogranules in the Golgi region and also displayed other features suggestive of hyperactivity. Atrophic tubules, smooth muscle and mast cells were present in considerable numbers. Well-preserved renal cortex remained in the affected kidney with no demonstrable juxtaglomerular granularity. After unilateral nephrectomy the patient became normotensive and plasma renin levels became normal. Thus it appears that the juxtaglomerular cells are able to produce and release renin independent of the structural integrity of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and renal glomerulus.