Biological Rhythm Research

Borisenkov, M. F.; Velichko, A. A.; Belyaev, M. A.; Korzun, D. G.

doi: 10.1080/09291016.2025.2478925pmid: N/A

Numerous studies have shown that the state of the human circadian system and its psycho-emotional state are closely interconnected and interdependent. Therefore, recently there has been a tendency to use objective chronobiological methods to clarify the diagnosis of depression. The article presents a critical analysis of the literature on the use of actimetry to assess the level of depression, analyzes common methodological problems, and suggests directions for further development of this interdisciplinary field.

Kabasakal-Cetin, Arzu; Aydin, Oznur

doi: 10.1080/09291016.2025.2466040pmid: N/A

This study aimed to investigate the association of chrononutrition indices with circadian preferences and mental health in adults. Data of 234 adults was collected online from November 2023 to February 2024. In order to determine circadian preferences, sleep quality and mental health conditions, specific and validated scales were used. The associations of chrononutrition indices with circadian preferences, sleep quality and body mass index (BMI) were assessed by multiple linear regression models, and adjusted for age and sex. Breakfast, lunch, evening and eating jet lag of participants were 1.8 (1.5) h, 1.3 (1.1) h, 0.4 (0.9) h, and 1.0 (1.1) h, respectively. Eating window of participants was 12.30 ± 1.51 h/day. Among variables analysed, depression was negatively associated with eating window on weekend (β=-0.179, p = 0.008), and eveningness was positively associated with eating midphase (β = 0.181, p = 0.002). Results suggest that among chrononutrition indices eating window and eating midphase are associated with depression and eveningness in adults.

de Souza, Priscila Emanuela; Chahad-Ehlers, Samira; Souza-Silva, Marconi; Lopes Ferreira, Rodrigo

doi: 10.1080/09291016.2025.2475304pmid: N/A

Epigean organisms synchronize their rhythms with light-dark cycles, but hypogean species often lack these rhythms due to stable cave conditions. This study examined circadian rhythms in troglobitic harvestmen (genus) by analyzing their locomotor activity under constant darkness (DD), constant light (LL), and light-dark (LD 12:12) cycles. Specimens from three species were collected in Minas Gerais, Brazil. None synchronized with LD cycles, and their activity was aperiodic under DD and LL. Instead, mean main periods suggested an infradian rhythm. Adults were predominantly diurnal, but individual patterns varied, showing no inter-individual dependency. The absence of circadian rhythms may be an evolutionary adaptation to cave life, while variations in activity likely reflect differences in diet and resource competition. Non-photic cues (zeitgebers) may influence rhythm expression in these cave-dwelling organisms.

Tang, Weiwei; Tan, Qianren; Cui, Junsong; Xiao, Zhenghua

doi: 10.1080/09291016.2025.2480145pmid: N/A

Humans have trillions of microorganisms in their gastrointestinal tract, collectively known as the gut microbiota. Disruptions in gut microbiota can lead to various diseases. Recent studies reveal a profound relationship between gut microbiota and circadian rhythm. This study explores research hotspots and emerging trends in this field. Methods: Publications on circadian rhythm and gut microbiota were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analysis was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. A total of 335 articles were analyzed, showing a rising publication trend. The top contributors are global universities and research institutions, with China (140), the U.S.A. (106), and England (19) leading. Four major research areas were identified: disease-related studies, influencing factors, therapeutic approaches, and pathogenesis. Regulating gut microbiota homeostasis and circadian rhythm coordination may offer new directions for treating metabolic and digestive diseases.

Kumar, Anil; Chauhan, Rupali; Devi, Sushma

doi: 10.1080/09291016.2025.2480148pmid: N/A

Circadian rhythm interrelates with insulin mechanism of action; any disruption in the circadian rhythm can cause insulin resistance, ultimately impacting health significantly. Due to its directly proportional relationship between circadian rhythm and insulin resistance, any disruption in the normal physiology of circadian patterns leads to the impairment of insulin sensitivity. The dysregulation in these two mechanisms is mediated by alteration of the clock genes (CLOCK, BAML1, PER, CRY) and hormonal cycles, which is evidenced by various research in the review. Furthermore, insulin resistance has a significant impact on the functioning of circadian rhythm as various studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance simultaneously affected circadian rhythm by modifying gene expression, particularly in melatonin receptors (MTNR1B) and clock-controlled genes. These complex interactions can transverse into significant metabolic dysregulation, compromising glucose metabolism and potentially contributing to type 2 diabetes. In this review, the bidirectional relationship between disruptions in the circadian rhythm and insulin resistance is systematically examined.