Apmis

doi: 10.1111/apm.13147pmid: N/A

Ritter, Lisiani; Bergoza, Larissa; Possa, Eduarda; Tasso, Leandro

doi: 10.1111/apm.13205pmid: 34978745

Cutibacterium acnes has been associated with chronic prostatitis, which can potentially favor the appearance of tumors in the prostate. Prostatitis is difficult to treat, and the drug needs to be able to penetrate the prostate. The aim was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of clindamycin in the interstitial fluid of rat prostate using microdialysis. Microdialysis probes were recovered in vitro and in vivo. Clindamycin was administered at 80 mg/kg iv bolus for plasma and tissue pharmacokinetic experiments. A microdialysis probe was implanted in the prostate gland for collections over an 8‐hour period. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by both compartmental and non‐compartmental approaches. Penetration was determined as the ratio between the area under the curve and the time of the clindamycin measurement in the prostate. The recovery of the in vivo probes was 38.11 ± 1.14%. The plasma profile was modeled by a two‐compartment pharmacokinetic model. Clindamycin presented a prostate/plasma ratio of 1.02, with free concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for Cutibacterium acnes isolates. This was the first study that determined clindamycin free concentrations in the prostatic fluid of rats. These findings suggest that clindamycin may be an effective alternative for the treatment of prostatitis caused by Cutibacterium acnes.

Hung, Yin P.; Bredella, Miriam A.; Lobmaier, Ingvild V. K.; Lozano‐Calderón, Santiago A.; Rosenberg, Andrew E.; Nielsen, G. Petur

doi: 10.1111/apm.13211pmid: 35114728

The use of denosumab to treat giant cell tumors of bone (GCT) and other giant cell‐containing bone tumors has become more common. While the clinicopathologic features of denosumab‐treated giant cell tumors of bone have been well‐illustrated, descriptions of other denosumab‐treated bone tumors are very limited. Surgical pathology files of two institutions and consultation files from two authors were searched for denosumab‐treated aneurysmal bone cysts and denosumab‐treated osteoblastomas. Clinicopathologic features were reviewed and analyzed. We identified four patients with denosumab‐treated bone tumors other than GCT from our surgical pathology and consultation files, including two aneurysmal bone cysts and two osteoblastomas. All were treated with denosumab for 0.5‐7.0 (median 4.5) months. Radiologically, denosumab‐treated tumors showed decreased size with increased ossification and mineralization on CT and heterogeneous intermediate to hypointense signal on MRI. Histologically, denosumab‐treated aneurysmal bone cyst contained thin, elongated, curvilinear, and anastomosing strands of bone with empty lacunae, while denosumab‐treated osteoblastoma showed circumscribed nodules of woven bone lined by small osteoblasts. Denosumab‐treated aneurysmal bone cyst and osteoblastoma showed treatment‐related morphologic changes that can mimic other bone neoplasms. Their recognition requires correlation with the clinical history of denosumab use and radiologic findings.

Gómez‐Vicente, Esther; Garcia, Rafael; Calatrava, Elizabeth; Olivares Duran, María Jose; Gutiérrez‐Bautista, Juan Francisco; Rodriguez‐Granger, Javier; Cobo, Fernando; Navarro Mari, Jose Maria; Sampedro‐Martinez, Antonio

doi: 10.1111/apm.13207

Tenhu, Elina; Teräsjärvi, Johanna; Cruzeiro, Manuel Leite; Savonius, Okko; Rugemalira, Emilie; He, Qiushui; Pelkonen, Tuula

doi: 10.1111/apm.13213pmid: 35122704

This study examined whether gene polymorphisms for toll‐like receptor 10 (TLR10) associated with the susceptibility to and outcomes of bacterial meningitis (BM) in Angolan children. The study cohort consisted of 190 BM patients and the determination of ten single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by Sanger sequencing. Patients with BM caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae who carried the following variants of TLR10 SNPs exhibited an increased risk of coexisting pneumonia: rs10004195 (T > A) (p = 0.025), rs10856837 (G > A) (p = 0.018) or rs11096956 (G > T) (p = 0.010). Yet, TLR10 SNPs rs11466652 (A > G), rs10856837 (G > A) and rs11096956 (G > T) influenced the protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Moreover, compared with the wild type, patients with pneumococcal meningitis carrying a variant genotype of TLR10 SNP rs11466648 (A > G) exhibited an increased risk of developing blindness (p = 0.025), whereas patients with TLR10 SNP rs10004195 (T > A) exhibited a lower risk of convulsions at admission (p = 0.039) and a lower risk of altered consciousness (p = 0.029). This study suggests a relationship exists between coexisting pneumonia, protein levels in CSF, blindness, convulsions and an altered consciousness with genetic variations of TLR10 in BM in Angolan children.

Kweka, Belinda V.; Fredrick, Cyprian; Kitilya, Brenda; Jeremiah, Kidola; Lyimo, Eric; Filteau, Suzanne; Rehman, Andrea M.; Friis, Henrik; Olsen, Mette F.; Faurholt‐Jepsen, Daniel; Krogh‐Madsen, Rikke; PrayGod, George

doi: 10.1111/apm.13214pmid: 35167170

This study aimed to investigate sickle cell trait (SCT) associations with physical activity, markers of insulin secretion and resistance, and glucose among people living with HIV infection (PLWH), both antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive and experienced, and HIV‐uninfected adults. This was a cross‐sectional study conducted in Mwanza, Northwestern Tanzania. We used data of 668 participants attained from two sub‐studies of CICADA study. Mean age was 40 (SD 11.5) years, 402 (61.7%) were females and 157 (24.1%) had SCT. PLWH were 422 (64.7%), of these, 80 (18.9%) were on ART. People with SCT had higher risk of having an isolated β‐cell dysfunction compared to those without SCT (RRR = 1.82, CI: 1.10, 3.01, p = 0.02). People with SCT but without HIV infection had lower average acceleration on the trunk longitudinal axis (ACCx) and higher level of self‐reported physical activity. 30 min oral glucose tolerance test among PLWH on ART was higher in those with SCT compared to those without SCT. People with SCT are at higher risk of having β‐cell dysfunction and those with SCT on ART are at more risk of developing diabetes. Future studies to investigate the interaction between SCT and HIV/ART on risk of diabetes should be considered.