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Qian, Guangfang; Wu, Min; Zhao, Yuanyuan; Li, Qing; Zhang, Mimi; Cai, Chen; Tong, Danian
doi: 10.1111/apm.13062pmid: 32562574
Metastatic thyroid cancers are more difficult to treat and have a significantly worse prognosis than localized thyroid cancers. Previous studies have shown that follicular helper T cells (Tfh) may participate in antitumor immune responses. Here, we investigated the characteristics of Tfh cells in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) at various severities, including patients with localized disease, cervical metastasis, and distant metastasis. In circulating CD4 T cells, the proportion of CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh‐like cells was significantly higher in patients with distant metastasis than in healthy controls, patients with local disease, and patients with cervical metastasis. Also, the expression of Tfh cell‐associated surface molecules, such as PD‐1, ICOS, and BTLA, tended to be higher in patients with cervical and distant metastasis than in healthy controls. However, the expression of secreted molecules, such as IL‐10, IL‐21, and CXCL13, was significantly lower in patients with distant metastasis than in healthy controls and patients with local disease. Additionally, circulating Tfh‐like cells from patients with distant metastasis were less capable of supporting B‐cell growth and IgM secretion. We also examined the CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh‐like cells in tumor samples. Tumor‐infiltrating Tfh‐like cells were highly enriched in the pulmonary metastasis compared to the local tumor and the cervical metastasis. However, tumor‐infiltrating Tfh‐like cells from pulmonary metastasis displayed higher PD‐1, TIM‐3, and lower IL‐21 expression than those from the local tumor. Together, this study identified that the metastasis of DTC patients was associated with an overabundance of defective Tfh cells.
Loonen, Anne J. M.; Huijsmans, Cornelis J. J.; Geurts‐Giele, Willemina R. R.; Leeijen, Cindy; Linden, Johannes C.; Brule, Adriaan J. C.
doi: 10.1111/apm.13064pmid: 32562292
Primary high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) DNA testing has been introduced in several countries worldwide, including The Netherlands. The objective of this study was to compare three automated workflow procedures for hrHPV testing of which the hrHPV detection assays meet the international guidelines for HPV testing. To mimic a realistic screening situation, we aimed to process 15 000 residual PreservCyt cervical samples in a period of 3 months. During a 3 months period, four technicians were involved in processing 5000 specimens per month on three automated platforms, (1) Qiagen Digene® HC2 HPV DNA test (HC2, signal amplification); (2) Roche Cobas® HPV test (DNA amplification), and (3) Hologic Aptima® HPV test (RNA amplification). We measured and scored general aspects (time‐to‐results, hands‐on‐time (HOT)), maintenance, pre‐run, run and post‐run aspects, inventory (orders, storage), and number of errors on a scale from 1 to 10. As determined for one complete workflow each, maximum processing capacity and HOT were 296 samples and 2 h:55 m, 282 samples and 3 h:20 m, and 264 samples and 4 h:15 m for Aptima, Cobas, and HC2, respectively. The mean throughput time per run was 5 h:51 m for Cobas in which 94 samples could be processed. For Aptima, the mean throughput time per run was 6 h:30 m for 60 samples. Mean throughput time for HC2 is longer since results were provided on day 2. In this study, the fully automated Aptima workflow scores best with a 7.2, followed by Cobas with a score of 7.1 and HC2 with a score of 5.8. Although all HPV tests used in this comparison meet the international test guidelines, the performance (workflow) characteristics of the assays vary widely. A specific choice of a laboratory for high‐throughput testing can be different based on the laboratory's demands, but also hands‐on‐time, time‐to‐results/ # samples, maintenance, pre‐run, run and post‐run parameters, consumables, technical support, and number of errors are important operational factors for the selection of a fully automated workflow for hrHPV testing.
Mohan, Janany; Nybø, Camilla J.; Vegsundvåg, Johnny; Roald, Borghild; Liem, Ylian S.
doi: 10.1111/apm.13065pmid: 32564430
This case report discusses a patient with nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, and repeated episodes of infections. He had a history of intravenous drug abuse. Kidney biopsy revealed the rare finding of numerous foam cells, mainly in glomeruli. The solvent used for the drugs is thought to be responsible for the foam cells. In line with previous reports, we suspect that the pulmonary hypertension is consistent with foam cells in pulmonary capillaries or fat embolism syndrome due to the intravenous administered drugs. Our case demonstrates that the use of intravenous drugs can lead to widely varying symptoms. Globally, the prevalence of substance abuse is increasing. Knowledge about their damaging effects is crucial in both clinical practice and anatomic pathology.
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