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Kim, Joo Young; Kim, Eun Kyung; Lee, Won Mi; Hong, Young Ok; Lee, Hojung
doi: 10.1111/apm.13070pmid: 32794608
The Hippo pathway is a tumor suppressive pathway regulating Yes‐associated protein‐TEA domain‐containing sequence‐specific transcription factor (YAP‐TEAD) complex. VGLL (Vestigial‐like) proteins are transcriptional cofactors competing with YAP for TEAD binding and interfering oncogenic activity of YAP‐TEAD complex. We evaluated the expression of VGLL4, YAP, and TEAD4 and assessed their correlations with clinicopathologic factors and prognostic effects in 295 colorectal cancers. VGLL4 was positive in 164 (55.6%) cases and correlated with small tumor size, low pT classification, and absence of lymph node metastasis. YAP and TEAD4 were highly expressed in 138 (46.8%) cases and 144 (48.8%) cases, respectively, and high expressions were associated with presence of lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis. VGLL4 expression was significantly correlated with low YAP expression (p < 0.001) and had significantly better overall survival than negative expression (p < 0.001). High YAP (HR, 2.108; 95% confidence interval, 1.239–3.584; p = 0.006) and TEAD4 (1.724; 1.021–2.912; p = 0.042) expressions were associated with poor overall survivals. The combined VGLL4posYAPlow expression showed the best overall survival than other groups (p < 0.001). VGLL4 expression (0.381; 0.212–0.683; p = 0.001) and combined VGLL4posYAPlow expression (0.227; 0.108–0.475; p < 0.001) were independent good prognostic factors in colorectal cancers. The expressions of VGLL4, YAP, and TEAD4 can be used as prognostic markers in colorectal cancer patients.
Veinović, Gorana; Ćakić, Sanja; Mihaljica, Darko; Sukara, Ratko; Tomanović, Snežana
doi: 10.1111/apm.13069pmid: 32794590
Barbour‐Stoenner‐Kelly II (BSK‐II) and BSK‐H media were used for cultivation and isolation of fastidious Borrelia species ‐ the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis. Culture media have a limited shelf life and require adequate storage. Our goal was to assess how the growth of Borrelia would be affected by prolonged storage of media and inadequate storage conditions (BSK‐H stored at +4 °C for 2.5 years and BSK‐II stored at −20 °C for 11 years). Growth of different Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, Borrelia lusitaniae and Borrelia valaisiana strains was assessed during 2 weeks of incubation at 33 °C. Monitored parameters included cell count per mL, morphology and motility. The results of this study have shown weaker growth of borrelia strains in BSK‐H at +4 °C (median final cell number of 1.5 × 106/mL) than in BSK‐II at −20 °C (median final cell number of 7.75 × 106/mL) and in fresh BSK‐H media (median final cell number of 8.95 × 106/mL). Duration of storage of media had no impact on Borrelia morphology and motility. Our results indicate that temperature of −20 °C is optimal for long‐term storage of medium, BSK‐II stored for 11 years provided effective support to growth of Borrelia and may be employed for cultivation.
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