Apmis

doi: 10.1111/apm.12865pmid: N/A

Gaster, Michael

doi: 10.1111/apm.12908pmid: 30549138

Cultured human myotubes offer a unique model to distinguish between primary and environmental factors in the aetiology of insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle. The objective of this review was to summarize our and other group studies on insulin resistance in human myotubes established from lean, obese and type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects. Overall, studies of human myotubes established from lean, obese and T2D subjects clearly show that part of the diabetic phenotype observed in vivo is preserved in diabetic myotubes. Diabetic myotubes express a primary coordinated impairment of lipid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and insulin‐stimulated glucose metabolism. Currently, both the responsible molecular mechanisms as well as the extent to which these alterations depend on genetic and/or epigenetic alterations have yet to be identified. Based on the data, it is hypothesized that the impaired insulin‐mediated glucose metabolism, impaired OXPHOS and reduced lipid oxidation observed in diabetic myotubes are caused by the reduced peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1α (PGC1α) expression.

Klausen, Pia; Kovacevic, Bojan; Toxværd, Anders; Kalaitzakis, Evangelos; Karstensen, John Gásdal; Rift, Charlotte Vestrup; Hansen, Carsten Palnæs; Storkholm, Jan; Vilmann, Peter; Hasselby, Jane Preuss

doi: 10.1111/apm.12900pmid: 30549137

Olsen, Markus Harboe; Anhøj, Jacob; Knudsen, Jenny Dahl; Frimodt‐Møller, Niels; Møller, Kirsten

doi: 10.1111/apm.12909pmid: 30549136

Hospitals worldwide are working on minimizing unnecessary use of antimicrobials. To assess actual changes of antimicrobial usage, correct and precise measurements are necessary. This study aimed to compare data on the purchase of antibiotics from the pharmacy and the administration of antibiotics to patients, respectively, in an intensive care unit (ICU). Data were obtained from the Neurointensive Care Unit (NICU) at Rigshospitalet, Denmark. During a 23‐month period, comprising 10 770 bed‐days (BD), the ward purchased 16 908 defined daily doses (DDD) of antibiotics from the pharmacy, and 15 130 DDD and 41 304 individual doses were administered. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated; control and runcharts and a Bland–Altman plot were constructed. Pharmacy sales and drug administration data showed no systematic variation over time with a monthly overestimation of pharmacy sales data of 10% (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.20–14.3%) for all antibiotics, and 7% (95% CI: 1.81–11.1%) for broad‐spectrum antibiotics. The antibiotic consumption, without bed‐days, has a clinically acceptable ICC of >0.70 and no systematic difference is suggested by the Bland–Altman plot. In this study of a large NICU, whose antibiotic consumption varied at random, pharmacy sales data were an acceptable approximation of the actual summarized drug consumption.

Mališová, Barbora; Šantavý, Petr; Lovečková, Yvona; Hladký, Bořivoj; Kotásková, Iva; Pol, Jiří; Lonský, Vladimír; Němec, Petr; Freiberger, Tomáš

doi: 10.1111/apm.12905pmid: 30549135

We report a very rare case of Streptococcus canis native infective endocarditis in a 73‐year‐old woman living in close contact with her dog. Her echocardiography showed large calcifications in the mitral annulus, massive regurgitation below the posterior leaflet, and adjacent vegetation. Blood culture was positive for Streptococcus Lancefield group G. A coronary artery bypass and mitral valve replacement had to be done. Streptococcus canis was detected in a heart valve using a broad range PCR followed by 16S rRNA and confirmed by tuf gene sequencing, while tissue culture remained negative. The patient was not bitten by her dog nor did she have comorbidities or skin ulcers. She fully recovered.

Fichtner, Alexander; Fisseler‐Eckhoff, Annette; Kramer, Wolfgang; Radzun, Heinz Joachim; Ströbel, Philipp; Bremmer, Felix

doi: 10.1111/apm.12907pmid: 30549139

Primary signet‐ring stromal tumour of the testis (PSRSTT) is a very rare type of primary testicular tumour, which is not actually mentioned in the current WHO categorization of tumours of the male genital organs. In this case we report about histologically and immunohistochemically features of this rare tumour. In the present case, PSRTT was found in the orchiectomy preparation of a 69‐year‐old man with painless swelling of his left testicle. The tumour was well circumscribed and separated from the normal testicular tissue by a fibrous capsule. The tumour cells showed a signet‐ring pattern and were separated by thin collagen bundles. No mitotic activity and necrosis were found inside the tumour. Immunohistochemically, the tumour was positive for vimentin, neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), S‐100 protein, β‐catenin and cyclin D1. No expression of cytokeratin, actin, SALL4, OCT3/4, and especially, inhibin and calretinin were detected. In conclusion, the presence of signet‐ring cell formation can be found in different tumours of the testis. PSRSTT is a rare tumour that needs to be considered, in particular, to distinct them from other tumours with signet‐ring cell pattern.