IgM AND IgG RESPONSE TO PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE IN NORMAL INDIVIDUALS AND INDIVIDUALS SPLENECTOMIZED DUE TO TRAUMAAABERGE, INGEBORG S.; HEIER, HANS ERIK; HEM, EINAR; GIERCKSKY, KARL‐ERIK; GROENG, ELSE‐CARIN
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00046.xpmid: 6711306
Twenty‐one young, splenectomized, healthy individuals (S group) and ten healthy individuals (K group) were vaccinated with a 14‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. All individuals in the S group were splenectomized due to abdominal trauma. IgM and IgG antibodies against each of the 14 pneumococcal serotypes were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum concentrations of IgM and IgG were measured by radial immunodiffusion. The mean prevaccination IgM pneumococcal antibody level was lower in the S group than in the K group for most of the serotypes. The mean total serum IgM was considerably reduced in the S group. Vaccination induced a significant IgM pneumococcal antibody response in both groups, but the response tended to be smaller in the S than in the K group. These findings may appear compatible with suboptimal immune regulation in the splenectomized individuals. There were small variations between the total serum IgG and the prevaccination IgG pneumococcal antibody level in the two groups. Both groups obtained a significant IgG pneumococcal antibody response after vaccination to most of the serotypes.
THE INFLUENCE OF HARVESTING INTERVALS ON CHEMILUMINESCENCE AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF RAT PERITONEAL LEUKOCYTESKALAGER, TORE; HANEBERG, BJØRN; GLETTE, JOHAN; SØNDENAA, KARL; SØRNES, STEINAR; SOLBERG, CLAUS OLA
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00091.xpmid: 6097093
Rat leukocytes were obtained from the peritioneal cavity by stimulation with potassium caseinate. The chemiluminescence response of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed to opsonized zymosan was influenced by the interval between instillation of caseinate and harvesting of the cells. With intervals increasing from four to 72 hours, the maximum activity was reached after 24 hours. The myeloperoxidase activity of all the leukocytes together increased gradually up to 72 hours after instillation of caseinate. After exposure to zymosan particles, only a negligible fraction of this enzyme was released from the cells. On the other hand, the lysozyme activity was highest in cells harvested early, and a large fraction of this enzyme was also released from these cells. The findings emphasize the importance of standardized conditions for stimulation and harvesting of rat peritoneal leukocytes.
IMMUNE RESPONSES TO LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA IN ATHYMIC NUDE RATSROLSTAD, BENT
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00081.xpmid: 6393709
Athymic nude rats (rnu) were immunized intraperitoneally with the attenuated Phil I strain (serogroup 1) of Legionella pneumophila. These rats developed a humoral immune response, including the IgG class, that was of comparable magnitude to that seen in their non‐nude littermates. When the rats were challenged ip with a dose of the virulent strain LD‐8 (also serogroup 1) that proved to be lethal in non‐immune rnu‐rats, none of them developed any signs of disease, but survived well for the observation period of 2 weeks. However, it was impossible by adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from immunized inbred PVG donors to protect non‐immune syngeneic rats from the lethality of the LD‐8. These results together with previous data (16) indicate that specific antibodies, present in the animal at the time of infection, protect effectively against a lethal dose of L. pneumophila in this experimental system.
DETECTION OF PROTEASES OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN IMMUNE COMPLEXES ISOLATED FROM SPUTUM OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTSDORING, GERD; BUHL, VERENA; H0IBY, NIELS; SCHI0TZ, PETER OLUF; BOTZENHART, KONRAD
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00092.xpmid: 6440414
Sera and sputa of 12 cystic fibrosis patients suffering from chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections were assayed for immune complexes using the Raji cell assay. Whereas all sera were negative, 33% of the sputa were positive for immune complexes. Sera and sputa of these patients were also assayed for antibodies against P.aeruginosa alkaline protease (AP) and elastase (Ela) and sputa for AP and Ela, using radioimmunoassays. All patients revealed antibody titers to the proteases in serum (1:5 ‐1:1000) and eight patients had antibody titers to the proteases in sputum (1:5‐1:100); all sputa were negative for AP and Ela. Sputum immune complexes and IgG were separated from whole sputum on a Protein A‐Sepharose C1‐4B column and treated with 0.75 M 2‐mercaptoethanol and iodacetamide after elution. After treatment, 58% of the sputa were positive for AP and/or Ela (5–200 ng/ml sputum). The present study shows that proteases of P.aeruginosa are bound in immune complexes after the initiation of the immune response to these antigens and it yields new insights into the role of these proteases in chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis.
LONG‐TERM EFFECT OF PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINATION ON SERUM IgM AND IgG ANTIBODY LEVELS IN INDIVIDUALS SPLENECTOMIZED FOR TRAUMAAABERGE, INGEBORG S.; HEIER, HANS ERIK
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00101.xpmid: 6524388
The IgM and IgG pneumococcal antibody levels were measured one year after vaccination with a 14‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in 12 individuals splenectomized due to trauma and 10 non‐splenectomized individuals. The results were compared with the antibody levels before and four weeks after vaccination. One year after vaccination there were only minor differences between the two groups. The IgM response to most of the serotypes had almost vanished. There were only significant IgG responses to a few serotypes after one year, but the mean antibody levels of all the 14 serotypes showed some persistence of the IgG response. There was a tendency for the splenectomized individuals that were younger than 15 years of age to have a somewhat reduced antibody response after pneumococcal vaccination. This could indicate that pneumococcal vaccination might be less efficient in that group of individuals where the need for a protective vaccine is most urgent.
ROLE OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE AND OF THE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE IN THE IMMUNOPROTECTIVE CAPACITY OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE RIBOSOMESROBERT, DANIEL; NORMIER, GERARD; LAFONT, SERGYL; D'HINTERLAND, LUCIEN DUSSOURD; FONTANGES, ROBERT; WIGZELL, HANS
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00090.xpmid: 6393710
Ribosomes, ribosomal RNA (r‐RNA), capsular polysaccharide (PS‐K) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were isolated and purified from Klebsiella pneumoniae, type I. The protective capacity of these different fractions was investigated in function of their analytical composition. The results show that ribosomes, and in particular, ribosomal RNA have the greatest protective activity at the lowest concentrations. The role of PS‐K in the specific immune response to ribosomes was also investigated. Even at very high levels PS‐K failed to afford any significant protection. LPS gave no protection. A stable r‐RNA/PS‐K complex was isolated by means of affinity chromatography. This complex was uncontaminated by LPS and its existence indicated strong bonding between surface polysaccharide antigens and r‐RNA. The r‐RNA/PS‐K complex was not antigenic in itself but conferred good protection when combined with an adjuvant.
INHIBITION OF COMPLEMENT‐MEDIATED HEMOLYSIS IN GEL BY RHEUMATOID FACTORSTRUEDSSON, LENNART; SJÖHOLM, ANDERS G.
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00044.xpmid: 6369876
When subjected to a hemolysis in gel (HIG) assay for the detection of complement deficiency, 9 of 37 sera from patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis produced impaired lysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes. All sera were normal in a test for the alternative pathway and no major abnormalities were found within the complement system. Using a two‐step HIG technique, with guinea‐pig serum as the complement source, all sera were shown to inhibit lysis of sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit IgG. Lysis of IgM‐coated erythrocytes was not inhibited. The agglutination titers in a Waaler‐Rose test, and the areas of inhibition in the two‐step HIG assay with IgG‐sensitized erythrocytes, were correlated (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). Absorption of serum with rabbit IgG coupled to Sepharose 4B, reduced the capacity to inhibit imḿune hemolysis. The eluate from IgG‐Sepharose contained rheumatoid factors and also inhibited immune hemolysis. The findings suggested that rheumatoid factors in serum were responsible for inhibition in the HIG assays used.
IN SITU CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FOAM CELLS IN EARLY HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONSVEDELER, CHRISTIAN A.; NYLAND, HARALD; MATRE, ROALD
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00064.xpmid: 6375254
Erythrocytes (E) sensitized with IgG antibodies bound to the fatty streaks in cryostat sections of early human atherosclerotic lesions. E sensitized with IgA or IgM antibodies or F (ab)2 fragments of IgG did not bind. The binding was inhibited by intact IgG and by Fc fragments but not by F (ab'h fragments or by albumin, indicating the presence of receptors for the Fc part of IgG (FcR). E sensitized with IgM antibodies and human complement did not bind. The FcR were also studied using soluble immune complexes of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and rabbit IgG antibodies to HRP. The peroxidase activity was detected histochemically. The bound complexes were localized to most of the lipid cells (foam cells) in the lesions. The cytoplasm of the FcR positive foam cells stained diffusely for acid a‐naphtyl acetate esterase. Most of the foam cells were stained with monoclonal antibodies against HLA‐DR antigens. The data indicate that most foam cells in early atherosclerotic lesions are derived from monocytes.