Apmis

Bendtzen, K.; Palit, J.

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb03649.xpmid: 200062

A study was made of the effects of 3', 5'‐cycylic AMP (3', 5' cAMP), 3', 5'‐cyclic GMP (3', 5' cGMP) and their dibutyryl derivatives, and the effects of various both cyclic and non‐cyclic nucleotides and of nucleosides on the in vitro migration of human peripheral blood leucocytes under agarose and on the activity of leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF). Leucocyte migration was not significantly influenced by any of the above‐mentioned drugs. However, LIF activity was significantly depressed by 3', 5' cAMP and dibutyryl 3', 5' cAMP, whereas cells challenged with 10‐4M of the other drugs, including 2', 3' cAMP, 3'‐AMP, 5'‐AMP and adenosine, showed unreduced migration inhibition under standard test conditions. A possible role of 3', 5' cAMP in the mechanism of LIF action was supported further by experiments with various drugs known to influence intracellular 3', 5' cAMP metabolism. Treatment of leucocytes with the 3', 5' cAMP generating, beta‐adrenergic agent isoproterenol (10‐4M) caused a rapid, transient reduction of LIF activity as compared to LIF‐treated controls. The alfa‐adrenergic agent norepinephrine (10‐4M) was ineffective. Treatment of leucocytes with the phosphodiesterase inhibitors papaverine (10‐4M) and dipyridamole (2×10‐5) enhanced their motility and enabled them to escape migration inhibition as compared to LIF‐treated controls. 3', 5' cGMP may also participate in the expression of LIF activity, since cells treated with 3', 5' cGMP partially escaped migration inhibition during the first 3 hours of migration.

Vandvik, Bodvar

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb03650.xpmid: 411326

Two to five separate gel‐precipitating (GP) antibody activities to sonicated measles virus cell pack antigen were detected by double immunodiffusion and Immunoelectrophoresis of sera and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) The major GP activity was identified as antibody to measles virus nucleocapsids, and a weaker activity as antibody to the virus haemagglutinin. The specificities of the other activities were not determined. Evidence is presented that measles GP antibody activities of both serum and CSF from patients with SSPE are carried by IgG proteins of restricted heterogeneity. Two separate and differently charged homogeneous IgG proteins with antibody activities to partially different measles nucleocapsid antigens were detected in about half the patients. The combined use of agarose electrophoresis and measles GP antibody immunoelectrophoresis of serum and CSF proved helpful in establishing rapidly the specific diagnosis of SSPE.

Herva, Elja; Tiilikainen, Anja

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb03651.xpmid: 144407

Mixed lymphocyte culture reactions between maternal and related neonatal cells at delivery, and maternal and paternal cells about a week after delivery, and the effect of maternal serum and HLA antigens on these reactions were studied in 11 families with primiparous or secundi‐parous mothers and in 13 families with multiparous mothers (six or more pregnancies). Weak or absent MLC response of the mother to her infant was observed in one‐third of primiparous and secundiparous mothers and in one‐half of multiparous mothers. In some cases the non‐reactivity could be due to genetic similarity, i.e. HLA or HLA‐D identity between the mother and her infant. In other cases, this was obviously not a valid explanation and no apparent reason for the non‐reactivity was found. The MLC suppressing effect of maternal serum on MLC reactions at delivery and about a week later was not correlated with the strength of maternal‐neonatal MLC reaction. Four of the ten sera from multiparous mothers studied a week after delivery had an inhibitory effect of 50 per cent or more on MLC reactions involving stimulatory paternal cells. Responding paternal cells and other MLC combinations were also inhibited to varying degrees. None of the sera of primiparous and secundiparous mothers had an equally strong MLC inhibiting effect.

Björkstén, B.; Peterson, P. K.; Verhoef, J.; Quie, P. G.

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb03652.xpmid: 335783

Limiting factors in neutrophil phagocytosis were studied using a sensitive assay by which attachment, ingestion and intracellular killing of bacteria could be separated. Phagocytosis was found to be limited by the attachment capacity of neutrophils. Ingestion and intracellular killing proceeded at a constant rate proportional to the number of bacteria attached to the neutrophils.

Heron, Iver; Meyer, Henning

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb03653.xpmid: 144408

Parental strain rats were immunized in the footpads by FI hybrid spleen cells. The draining lymph nodes were removed during the first 10 days after immunization and tested for mitogen responsiveness. Cell fractionation was performed by removal of macrophages, surface Ig positive, and F(c)‐, and C3‐receptor carrying lymphocytes. The depleted suspensions were tested in MLC to test the effect of lymphocyte subpopulations on the accelerated MLC response profile exhibited by the immune lymph node cells. Overall increase in mitogen stimulation was observed, but stimulation indices were slightly reduced as compared to non‐immunized cells. Removal of phagocytic cells gave some increase in MLC response which was most pronounced when responder cells were tested during the first days after immunization. Depletion for non‐T lymphocytes resulted in lowering of non‐stimulated responder cell 14C uptake, whereas the specific accelerated MLC profile was unaltered or tended to improve acceleration. It is concluded from indirect evidence that T lymphocytes are the cell type responsible for the altered MLC kinetics, but that macrophages and non‐T cells modify the response.

Christensen, Poui.; Sjöholm, Anders G.; Holm, Stig E.

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb03654.xpmid: 335784

The uptake of aggregated IgG by type 12, M protein positive (M + ve) streptococci was high in the presence of fresh serum, while the uptake by type 12, M – ve, type 1 and type 2, M + ve or M ‐ ve streptococci was inhibited. Serum heated to 56°C for 30 min inhibited the uptake of aggregated IgG by all strains tested. Purified Clq or macromolecular C1 added to heat‐treated serum restituted the uptake of aggregated IgG. It was shown that C1 and C4 in fresh serum influenced the uptake of aggregated IgG by streptococci, resulting in the distinct reaction patterns observed.

Soppi, Esa; Ruuskanen, Olli; Kouvalainen, Kauko

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb03655.xpmid: 303434

The majority of the guinea pig thymocytes have an intensive alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, whereas less than one per cent of the peripheral lymphocytes are AP positive. The number of peripheral AP positive lymphocytes decreased after thymectomy and after antithymocyte serum treatment, and some of them formed E‐roselles with rabbit red blood cells. The observations support the idea that some of these AP positive peripheral lymphocytes are T cells. It seems evident that the AP positive cortical (immature) thymocytes contain two separate cell lines; during the maturation one differentiates into AP negative and the other remains AP positive. This differentiation seems to occur within the thymus.

Unsgaard, G.; Lamvik, J.

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb03656.xpmid: 144409

Human mononuclear phagocytes cultured in vitro revealed an inhibitory influence on DNA synthesis, as measured by 3H thymidine incorporation, in lymphocytes stimulated by a lectin (PHA), a soluble antigen (PPD) and allogenic lymphocytes. The inhibitory effect increased with increasing ratio of macrophages to lymphocytes, and was positively related to the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. The inhibitory ability appeared to have no connection with the histocompatibility gene complex. The culture medium of macrophages cultured with and without lymphocytes showed no inhibitory effect.

Unsgaard, G.

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb03657.xpmid: 144410

DNA‐synthesis, as measured by 3H thymidine incorporation, in immune lymphocytes from human blood stimulated in vitro with PPD was shown to require monocytes. No such requirement was demonstrated for PHA‐induced DNA‐synthesis under the same conditions. Initial packing of cells by centrifugation was beneficial for the cultures stimulated by antigen, but not for the cultures stimulated by lectin, thus indicating the necessity for contact between monocytes and lymphocytes for antigen stimulation. Monocytes and macrophages preincubated with PPD induced DNA‐synthesis in lymphocytes. Monocytes were found to be at least as capable of retaining and presenting antigen as macrophages, and autologous macrophages presented antigen more efficiently than allogeneic macrophages. DNA‐synthesis in lymphocytes, induced by adding PPD or PHA to the culture medium, was inhibited by a large number of monocytes. Macrophages caused inhibition under the same conditions, even a small number. DNA‐synthesis in lymphocytes induced by PPD‐preincubated monocytes and macrophages increased with increasing ratio of mononuclear phagocytes to lymphocytes up to a certain value. A further increase in the ratio caused inhibition, thus indicating both an immuno‐inductive and an immuno‐suppressive influence of mononuclear phagocytes.

Wesenberg, Finn; Tonder, Olav

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb03658.xpmid: 920190

Agglutinins to rabbit erythrocytes in extracts from human malignant tissues were identified as the naturally occurring IgG antibodies in human serum to rabbit erythrocytes. This was revealed by agglutination, absorption, antiglobulin and inhibition tests, immunization of rabbits and immunochemical analyses. The agglutinins can therefore be used as convenient markers for both extracellular immunoglobulin and unspecifically bound immunogobulin in tumour tissues. Apparently the extracts also contained small amounts of IgA antibodies to rabbit erythrocytes.