Apmis

Ourth, Donald D.; Matre, Roald; Helgeland, Svein M.; Tönder, Olav

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02306.xpmid: 4604090

Human serum was applied to formalinized parasites (RH strain) which had been spotted on glass slides. Peroxidase‐labelled rabbit antihuman gammaglobulin and then a diamino‐benzidine‐H2O2 solution were added separately. The brown color of the parasites, resulting from the enzyme‐substrate reaction, was observed with a light microscope. Results of the immunoperoxidase test were compared with those of the methylene blue dye and indirect hemagglutination tests with excellent agreement of titers being obtained with the dye test.

Solaas, Marit Hornberg

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02307.xpmid: N/A

Presence of Australia‐SH antigen in serum has been studied by agar gel double diffusion, electron microscopy and complement fixation tests. Serum from 30 patients suffering from serum hepatitis or infectious hepatitis, and serum from 10 apparently healthy blood donors have been included in the investigation. In serum from four of the patients with Australia‐SH antigen positive serum hepatitis, the presence of the antigen has been studied during the course of the disease. The agar gel double diffusion test was less sensitive than the other two methods, although the sensitivity of this method was raised by increasing the amount of the serum sample to be examined. The present electron microscopical test seems to be at least as sensitive as the complement fixation test. However, the electron microscopical test may be less specific than previously believed.

Myhre, Erling B.

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02308.xpmid: 4137338

One hundred and eighty‐four Haemophilus influenzae isolates typed by gel precipitation technique were cultivated in Levinthal broth and the cultures studied by counterimmuno‐electrophoresis. All 57 typable strains formed demonstrable type‐specific capsular antigen. No cross reaction between the types occurred under the test conditions used. None of the non‐typable isolates produced detectable antigen.

Ferguson, D. J. P.; Hutchison, W. M.; Dunachie, J. F.; Siim, J. Chr.

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02309.xpmid: 4528099

Toxoplasma gondii undergoes schizogony and microgametogony in the epithelial cells of the cat ileum. On the basis of cytoplasmic structures, it is impossible to distinguish between the early stages of these processes but nuclear differentiation appears to have occurred. In the early schizont the chromatin is distributed in small patches throughout the nucleus but in the nucleus of the microgametocyte the chromatin is condensed into a few large areas. In the schizont, the first distinguishing cytoplasmic features are the appearance of the dome‐shaped membranes of the merozoite anlagen. In the schizogonic process, nuclear division precedes merozoite formation which occurs by multiple internal budding in a manner similar to endodyogeny. The appearance of flagella is the first cytoplasmic feature to distinguish the microgametocyte. Microgamete formation is similar to that reported for other coccidian species. The microgamete consists of a dense elongate nucleus anterior to which is a single mitochondrion. The anterior consists of a perforatorium and two flagella between which 4 microtubules run longitudinally.

Brorson, John‐Erik; Holmberg, Ingrid; Seeberg, Staffan

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02310.xpmid: 4211758

A plate‐diffusion method designed for routine use for detection of antistaphylolysin activity of human serum is described. The test is performed in Petri dishes containing rabbit erythrocytes embedded in agar. The method is simple to perform, reliable and reproducible.

Hederstedt, Bengt

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02311.xpmid: 4605161

Taking advantage of the experiences gained with the TPI‐test (T. pallidum immobilization reaction by immune serum), a method for quantitation of T. pallidum immobilizing activity in normal unheated human serum was developed on the basis of the kinetics and optimal conditions of this normal serum reaction in vitro. Some experiments concerning factors influencing the haemolytic complement activity (e.g. the SH‐compounds of the TPI‐test medium) as well as the treponemal survival were also presented. As compared with the immune serum reaction, the normal serum reaction had a much shorter lag phase; at high serum concentrations it was not measurable, i.e. <10 minutes, and the reaction rate was faster, the reaction being almost completed within two hours. The length of the lag period increased with treponemal concentration and decreased with temperature. The reaction rate after the lag period appeared to be influenced only to minor degree within certain ranges, either by concentrations of serum or by the concentration of the treponemes. The temperature coefficient (Q10) was found to range around two to three. The normal serum reaction was dependent on the ionic strength, being enhanced below and depressed above the ionic strength of 0.15. The optimal pH, tested within the range 6.8–7.8 was found to be 7.2–7.8. Mg++, in contrast to Ca++, had an enhancing effect on the normal serum activity, the optimal final concentration of Mg++ ranging around 0.005 M. The normal serum immobilization reaction resembled in many respects the bactericidal and bacteriolytic reactions to be evoked by normal serum.

Holten, Eirik

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02312.xpmid: 4212034

Glucokinase and glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activities are found in species of “true neisserias”, also in the non‐saccharolytic ones. The enzymes are not found in the “false neisserias”(N. catarrhalis, N. ovis and N. caviae). The stimulating effect of glucose on the synthesis of these enzymes, and the electrophoretic behaviour of glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase are compared in the different species.

Holten, Eirik

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02313.xpmid: 4153167

6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrase and 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐6‐phosphogluconate aldolase were studied in several Neisseria species. 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐6‐phosphogluconate aldolase were present in all strains of “true neisserias”. The synthesis of 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was stimulated by glucose in the saccharolytic Neisseriae, and its activity was stimulated by NADP in N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrase was present in most strains of “true neisserias”, except in N. cinerea and N. elongata. This enzyme was induced by glucose in the saccharolytic Neisseriae. In N. flavescens its synthesis was inhibited by glucose.

Seeberg, Staffan; Brorson, John‐Erik

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02314.xpmid: 4604603

L‐colony production in 19 E. coli strains was studied. Several factors were found to influence productivity and type of L‐growth, e.g. type and concentration of antibiotic, pH and hypertonicity. Individual E. coli strains were found to have different requirements.

Viken, K. E.

doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02315.xpmid: 4605456

The aim of this investigation was to establish an easy method for radiolabelling of large quantities of heat‐killed Candida albicans. The yeast particles were to be used in studies of phagocytosis in human monocytes cultured in vitro. The results show that it is possible to label quantities of 3–4 × 109 Candida particles in one single run by electrolysis of a Na125I solution. The surface antigens of the Candida were found to be intact after the electrolytic iodination process.