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doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb00131.xpmid: 4553304
The quantitative technique of the British Standard (BS 3286:1960) has been applied to four phenolic disinfectants. Comparisons showed that regressions made with log‐probit transformations were preferable to log‐log. The British Standard quantitative technique as employed by us has been found to act as a useful adjuvant to Kelsey & Sykes (1969) capacity test in the selection of use‐dilutions for disinfectants.
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb00139.xpmid: 4502346
The antigen isolated from Eubacterium saburreum, strain L44, was found to be a neutral polysaccharide, which appeared in the electron microscope as a filamentous, partly aggregated material. Immunoelectrophoresis gave one precipitation line, and a single peak was obtained by analytical ultracentrifugation of the purified antigen. Experiments with ferritin‐labelled antibodies showed that the antigenic polysaccharide is located at the surface of the bacterial cell.
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb00140.xpmid: 4502347
In some cases of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle haemolytic Gram‐negative cocci were isolated in mixed culture together with Moraxella bovis. These Gram‐negative cocci were identified as Neisseria ovis. Differentiation from Moraxella may be difficult. An important differential characteristic is that Moraxella consists of short rods, whereas Neisseria are cocci. Unlike M. bovis, N. ovis in non‐proteolytic. It reduces nitrate. The G + C content of the DNA of one of the strains was 43.9 per cent. Calves exposed to conjunctival infection with N. ovis with and without previous ultraviolet irradiation did not develop any clinical symptoms.
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb00124.xpmid: N/A
A new method for the evaluation of the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of neutrophil granulocytes in human disease has been developed by which the total number of viable bacteria and the number of viable intracellular bacteria in an in vitro phagocytic system are measured. Standardization of the granulocyte, bacteria and serum opsonin concentrations at their optimum has made available a sensitive method by which minor variations in neutrophil granulocyte functions can be measured. In a preliminary clinical study, patients with unrecognized abnormalities of neutrophil granulocyte functions were readily diagnosed. The results indicate that abnormal neutrophil granulocyte function is more prevalent than realized.
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb00134.xpmid: 4401673
A sensitive bioassay for josamycin was obtained by an agar cup procedure using Micrococcus luteus CQ, 70 ml Mueller Hinton Medium (Difco) per 14 cm diameter plates, 5 hours prediffusion, and over night incubation at 37°C. This procedure allows measurements in the range of 0.01–4.0 μ/ml josamycin base. Josamycin activity was enhanced by high pH values. NaCl and NaHCO3 had little influence on josamycin activity, whereas CaCl2 was markedly inhibitory. Josamycin base was relatively stable in acid milieu. No inactivation was found after 6 weeks in serum at —70°C, or for 3 hours either in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution or in a simulated intestinal fluid T. S. of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP XVIII). Only 35 per cent inactivation was found after 3 hours storage at room temperature in a simulated gastric fluid (USP XVIII).
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb00138.xpmid: 4553301
In vitro lymphocytotoxic characteristics and the effect on skin allograft survival were studied. Antisera raised with 3 injections showed more lymphocytotoxic activity in the IgM fraction than in the IgG fraction. With increasing number of immunizations the IgM/IgG ratio as judged by the in vitro lymphocytotoxic test was reversed. Antisera raised with 3 injections were much more effective than antisera raised with 8 injections in prolonging the survival of skin allografts. The implications of these findings are discussed.
doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb00130.xpmid: 4623080
The host ranges of 113 typing bacteriophages have been studied at their Routine Test Dilution (RTD) for 486 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The resulting data matrix has been analysed by numerical allocating procedures employed in numerical taxonomy. The Jaccard‐Sneath similarity index (SJS) and the simple matching coefficient (SSM) were calculated and the results of the weighted and the unweighted pair group average cluster analysis (WPGA and UWPGA) compared. The SSM seemed to produce misleading results. Phages that lysed less than 15 per cent of the bacterial strains tended to be grouped together at high similarity levels, regardless of real differences in their host ranges. For such phages, there was a linear relationship between per cent lysis and SSM. The best representation of the similarity index was obtained with the UWPGA applied to the SJS‐matrix ([SJS] UWPGA). This rendered a cophenetic correlation coefficient of 0.9303 in contrast to r = 0.8933 with the [SJS] WPGA.
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