Western Journal of Applied Forestry

Wenny, David, L.;Swanson, Daniel, J.;Dumroese, R., Kasten

doi: 10.1093/wjaf/17.3.117pmid: N/A

Abstract Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings from Idaho (var. ponderosa) and Arizona (var. scopulorum) grown in a container nursery received optimum chilling [2,010 hr (84 days) of temperatures below 5°C]. While seedlings were in the greenhouse, days required for 50% of the population to break bud were similar for both seed sources and decreased inverse exponentially from 74 to 23 days as chilling hours accumulated to the optimum. When subsequently placed into either refrigerated or frozen storage, Idaho seedlings broke bud significantly faster than Arizona seedlings when returned to favorable environmental conditions for growth. All seedlings removed from refrigerated storage broke bud faster, were less cold tolerant, and therefore less quiescent than seedlings that had been frozen. West. J. Appl. For. 17(3):117–121. Ponderosa pine, chilling requirements, container-grown seedlings, environmental management, forest, forest management, forest resources, forestry, forestry research, forestry science, natural resources, natural resource management This content is only available as a PDF. © 2002 by the Society of American Foresters

Filip, Gregory, M.;Ganio, Lisa, M.;Oester, Paul, T.;Mason, Richard, R.;Wickman, Boyd, E.

doi: 10.1093/wjaf/17.3.122pmid: N/A

Abstract In October 1988, each of four randomly selected 4 ha plots within four 16 ha blocks in a mixed-conifer forest in northeastern Oregon received one of the following treatments by helicopter: (1) urea at 350 kg/ha of N, 2) 100 kg/ha N, 25 kg/ha P, 25 kg/ha K, 25 kg/ha S, and 3) 300 kg/ha N, 75 kg/ha P, 75 kg/ha K, 75 kg/ha S, or 4) untreated control. Ten years after treatment, grand fir mortality within plots averaged 37% (range 4 to 56%) of the sampled trees. Fir mortality was associated with fir engraver beetles, flatheaded fir borers, Armillaria root disease, and defoliation by western spruce budworm. Larch mortality ranged from zero for trees with no or low dwarf mistletoe infection to 56% in trees with severe infection. After 10 yr, there were no significant fertilizer effects on grand fir and western larch with respect to (1) incidence of mortality; (2) diameter increment; (3) vigor as assessed by cambial electrical resistance (CER); (4) live crown ratio; and (5) larch dwarf mistletoe severity rating (DMR). DMR significantly affected larch diameter increment, incidence of mortality, and CER regardless of treatment. Possible reasons why fertilization in this experiment did not have the same effects as fertilization in smaller studies are discussed. West. J. Appl. For. 17(3):122–128. Fertilizer, diameter increment, tree mortality, Arceuthobium laricis, Armillaria root disease, fir engravers, western spruce budworm, environmental management, forest, forest management, forest resources, forestry, forestry research, forestry science, natural resources, natural resource management This content is only available as a PDF. © 2002 by the Society of American Foresters

Chavez, Deborah, J.

doi: 10.1093/wjaf/17.3.129pmid: N/A

Abstract Traditional management approaches may not be applicable to ethnically diverse visitor populations; consequently, approaches to resource management may need to be changed. One approach, called adaptive management, is a technique that uses scientific information to help formulate management strategies and a process for continually improving management practices by learning from the outcomes of operational programs. This article describes the adaptive management process as it was used to serve Hispanic recreation visitors at the Applewhite Picnic Area (AWPA) on the San Bernardino National Forest in southern California. Three studies have been conducted at this site to gather information. AWPA managers used the data to renovate the picnic area and to provide management direction, and managers are currently implementing ideas based on the results of this study; these ideas include adding an art log, adding a sports area, and preventing trespass at the site. West. J. Appl. For. 17(3):129–133. environmental management, forest, forest management, forest resources, forestry, forestry research, forestry science, natural resources, natural resource management This content is only available as a PDF. © 2002 by the Society of American Foresters

Borchert,, Mark;Schreiner,, David;Knowd,, Tim;Plumb,, Tim

doi: 10.1093/wjaf/17.3.134pmid: N/A

Abstract Factors related to the survival of Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri) and gray pine (P. sabiniana) 3 yr after a September wildfire were evaluated for a site on the central coast of California. Data for 146 Coulter pine and 117 gray pine were analyzed with logistic regression models to estimate postfire survival in relationship to tree and fire-damage variables. Probability of survival for both species decreased with the increasing percentage of crown scorching and increasing height of bole bark char. Crown scorch was the most important variable for predicting survival of these species, but it was augmented by the bole-damage variable. Survival of gray pine was higher than that of Coulter pine for comparable values of both variables. West. J. Appl. For. 17(3):134–138. Pinus coulteri, Pinus sabiniana, postfire, crown scorch, bark char, environmental management, forest, forest management, forest resources, forestry, forestry research, forestry science, natural resources, natural resource management This content is only available as a PDF. © 2002 by the Society of American Foresters

Tietje, William, D.;Waddell, Karen, L.;Vreeland, Justin, K.;Bolsinger, Charles, L.

doi: 10.1093/wjaf/17.3.139pmid: N/A

Abstract An extensive forest inventory was conducted to estimate the amount and distribution of coarse woody debris (CWD) on 5.6 million ac of woodlands in California that are outside of national forests and reserved areas. Woodlands consist primarily of oak (Quercus spp.) types and are defined as forestland incapable of producing commercial quantities of traditional forest products because of adverse site and tree morphophysiology. Approximately 671 million ft3 of CWD were estimated to occur over the study area. Almost 3 million ac of woodland (52% of the sampled area) were estimated to have no CWD. The large-end diameter of CWD was <12 in. on 67% of all logs sampled. Blue oak (Q. douglasii) CWD occurred over the largest area and gray pine (Pinus sabiniana) produced the most volume (164.1 million ft3) of CWD. An average of 115 ft3/ac, 1.2 tons/ac, 21 logs/ac, and 56.8 linear ft/ac were estimated for CWD across all woodland types. The coast live oak (Q. agrifolia) type produced the largest per-acre measure of CWD volume (164.1 ft3/ac). The California laurel (Umbellularia californica) type produced the highest log density (48 logs/ac) and the most linear feet per acre of CWD (131.8 ft/ac). CWD was most abundant in the central coast and least abundant in the northeastern portion of the state. Results of this study suggest that CWD is not common across much of California's woodlands. More detailed research is needed to evaluate the amount and distribution of CWD, affects of land-use, and the implications for wildlife. West. J. Appl. For. 17(3):139–146. Coarse wood, down wood, dead wood, debris, oak woodlands, forest inventory, environmental management, forest, forest management, forest resources, forestry, forestry research, forestry science, natural resources, natural resource management This content is only available as a PDF. © 2002 by the Society of American Foresters

VanderSchaaf, Curtis, L.;Moore, James, A.;Kingery, James, L.

doi: 10.1093/wjaf/17.3.147pmid: N/A

Abstract This study quantified the effects of operational multinutrient fertilization on understory shrub, forb, and grass production in inland Northwest forests. Understory vegetation annual production increased at some sites while other sites showed no change or decreases following fertilizer treatments. The greatest understory response to fertilization occurred in low density, shade-intolerant, overstory-dominated stands. Understory vegetation response was lower under overstories dominated by more shade-tolerant conifers. Multinutrient fertilization produced increases in annual understory production of up to 2,400 lb/ac for combined understory growth forms over the entire growing season. West. J. Appl. For. 17(3):147–153. Fertilizer, understory vegetation, environmental management, forest, forest management, forest resources, forestry, forestry research, forestry science, natural resources, natural resource management This content is only available as a PDF. © 2002 by the Society of American Foresters

Fan,, Zhaofei;Moore, James, A.;Shafii,, Bahman;Osborne, Harold, L.

doi: 10.1093/wjaf/17.3.154pmid: N/A

Abstract Four controlled-release fertilizers (fast release [FR], moderate release [MR], slow release [SR] and slow release with micronutrients extended [ME]) were applied, at rates of 0, 5, 15 and 30 g/seedling, to ponderosa pine seedlings (Pinus ponderosa Doug. ex Laws) immediately after planting. Compared to the controls, the 5 and15 g/seedling of FR or ME fertilizer produced significantly greater caliper growth and the 5 and 15 g/seedling of ME fertilizer and 15 and 30 g of FR fertilizer produced significantly greater height growth after 3 yr. Mortality occurred mainly during the first growing season and varied substantially with fertilizer types and dosage. High dosage (30 g/seedling) generally caused more mortality than other dosage levels. Seventy-eight, 54, 51, and 36% of total nutrients had been released from the FR, MR, SR and ME products, respectively, by late August of the first growing season. Early in the second growing season, the FR product had released 98% of its total nutrients, and the MR, SR, and ME products had released over 90% of their nutrients. The best fertilizer treatment, 15 g of the ME product, produced a 21% diameter increase and a 30% height increase 3 yr after treatment. The relative magnitude of the growth responses is similar to those observed from other adjacent placement, controlled-release, seedling fertilization studies in the Northwest. West. J. Appl. For. 17(3):154–164. Controlled-release fertilizer, ponderosa pine, environmental management, forest, forest management, forest resources, forestry, forestry research, forestry science, natural resources, natural resource management This content is only available as a PDF. © 2002 by the Society of American Foresters