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Oh, Ah Ran; Hong, Kwan Young; Park, Jungchan; Her, Sukyoung; Lee, Jong-Hwan
doi: 10.1007/s12630-022-02320-2pmid: 36203041
PurposeAfter weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the radial artery pressure is frequently lower than the central pressure as reflected by femoral pressure. This discrepancy may cause improper blood pressure management. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors related to developing a significant postbypass femoral-to-radial pressure gradient, including the incidence of complications related to femoral pressure monitoring.MethodsFrom January 2017 to May 2021, we studied consecutive adult cardiovascular surgical patients undergoing CPB in a historical cohort study. Patients were divided into two groups according to developing a significant femoral-to-radial pressure gradient, which was defined as a difference of ≥ 25 mm Hg for systolic pressure or ≥ 10 mm Hg for mean pressure, lasting ≥ 5 minutes for 30 minutes after CPB weaning. Factors associated with a significant pressure gradient and femoral pressure monitoring-related complications were analyzed.ResultsAmong 2,019 patients, 677 (34%) showed a significant postbypass femoral-to-radial pressure gradient. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the following factors related to the pressure gradient development: age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for an increase in 10 years, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.09; P < 0.001), body surface area (BSA) (aOR for an increase in 1 m2, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.21; P < 0.001), aortic cross-clamping time (aOR for an increase in 30 minutes, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.08; P < 0.001), and intraoperative epinephrine use (aOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.95; P < 0.001). The femoral pressure monitoring-related complications were observed in 11/2,019 (0.5%) patients.ConclusionOur study showed that old age, smaller BSA, prolonged aortic cross-clamping time, and intraoperative epinephrine use were associated with developing a significant postbypass femoral-to-radial pressure gradient in cardiovascular surgery. Considering monitoring-related complications occurred very infrequently, it might be helpful to monitor both radial and femoral pressure simultaneously in patients with these risk factors for appropriate blood pressure management. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to confirm our findings because our results are limited by a retrospective design and residual confounding factors.
Sultana, Rehena; Allen, John C.; Siow, Yew Nam; Bong, Choon Looi; Lee, Shu Ying
doi: 10.1007/s12630-022-02317-xpmid: 36109455
PurposePerioperative hypothermia (PH) is defined as core body temperature < 36°C during the perioperative period. The incidence of PH is not well established in children because of variations in perioperative temperature monitoring and control measures. We sought to 1) establish the incidence of pediatric PH, 2) assess its adverse outcomes, and 3) identify risk factors in our pediatric population to develop local guidelines for prevention of PH.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational cohort study at a single tertiary hospital (KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore) from June 2017 to December 2017 based on existing institutional practice. We recruited patients aged ≤ 16 yr undergoing surgery and determined the incidence and adverse outcomes of hypothermia. We identified risk factors for PH using univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis and used these to develop local guidelines.ResultsOf 1,766 patients analyzed, 213 (12.1%; 95% confidence interval, 10.6 to 13.7) developed PH. Among these cases of PH, only 4.5% would have been detected by a single measurement in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Adverse outcomes included a longer stay in the PACU (47 vs 39 min; P < 0.01), a higher incidence of shivering (7.1 vs 2.6%; P = 0.01), and more discomfort (3.8 vs 1.4%; P = 0.02) compared with normothermic patients. Risk factors for PH included preoperative temperature < 36°C, surgery duration > 60 min, ambient operating room temperature < 23.0°C, and several “high-risk” surgeries. Guidelines were developed based on these risk factors and customized according to clinical and workflow considerations.ConclusionsPerioperative hypothermia was a common problem in our pediatric population and was associated with significant adverse outcomes. Guidelines developed based on risk factors identified in the local context can facilitate workflow and implementation within the institution.
Elsherbini, Noha; Weingartshofer, Antonio; Backman, Steven B.
doi: 10.1007/s12630-022-02306-0pmid: 35986141
PurposeStiff person syndrome (SPS), an autoimmune disease that manifests with episodic muscle rigidity and spasms, has anesthetic considerations because postoperative hypotonia may occur. This hypotonia has been linked to muscle relaxants and volatile anesthetics and may persist in spite of neostigmine administration and train-of-four (TOF) monitoring suggesting full reversal. We present a patient with SPS who experienced hypotonia following total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), which was promptly reversed with sugammadex. These observations are considered in light of the relevant medical literature.Clinical featuresA 46-yr-old female patient with SPS underwent breast lumpectomy and sentinel node biopsy. Anesthesia consisted of TIVA (propofol/remifentanil) with adjunctive administration of rocuronium 20 mg to obtain adequate intubating conditions. Despite return of the TOF ratio to 100% within 30 min, hypotonia was clinically evident at conclusion of surgery two hours later. Sugammadex 250 mg reversed residual muscle relaxation permitting uneventful extubation. A literature review identified six instances of postoperative hypotonia (TIVA, n = 3; volatile anesthetics, n = 3) in spite of neostigmine administration (n = 2) and TOF monitoring suggesting full reversal (n = 4).ConclusionsPatients with SPS may show hypotonia regardless of general anesthetic technique (TIVA vs inhalational anesthesia), which can persist despite recovery of the TOF ratio and may be more effectively reversed by a chelating agent than with an anticholinesterase. If general anesthesia is required, we suggest a cautious approach to administering muscle relaxants including using the smallest dose necessary, considering the importance of clinical assessment of muscle strength recovery in addition to TOF monitoring, and discussing postoperative ventilation risk with the patient prior to surgery.
Clairoux, Ariane; Soucy-Proulx, Maxim; Pretto, François; Courgeon, Victoria; Caron-Goudreau, Maxime; Issa, Rami; Bélanger, Marie-Ève; Brulotte, Véronique; Verdonck, Olivier; Idrissi, Moulay; Fortier, Annik; Richebé, Philippe
Dwivedi, Priyanka; Patel, Tejas K.; Bajpai, Vijeta; Singh, Yashpal; Tripathi, Alka; Kishore, Suerkha
doi: 10.1007/s12630-022-02305-1pmid: 35970989
PurposeTo compare the efficacy and safety of intranasal ketamine with intranasal dexmedetomidine as a premedication in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery or other procedures.SourceWe conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, LILACS, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and trial registries for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intranasal ketamine with intranasal dexmedetomidine as preanesthetic medication in elective surgery or other procedures in pediatric patients. We used Review Manager software version 5.4.1 for statistical analysis and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We assessed the methodological quality of the included studies with the RoB 2 risk of bias tool. All outcomes were pooled using the Mantle–Haenszel method and a random-effects model. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.Principal findingsOut of 2,445 full texts assessed, we included ten RCTs in the analysis. The efficacy outcomes did not fulfill the comparability criteria between intranasal ketamine and intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation at parental separation (risk ratio [RR], 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.04; I2 = 89%; GRADE evidence, low), mask acceptance (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.13; I2 = 50%; GRADE evidence, low), and iv canulation (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.69; I2 = 69%; GRADE evidence, very low). Intranasal ketamine-treated patients showed a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting (RR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.91; I2 = 0; GRADE evidence, moderate). Significantly more bradycardia was observed in the intranasal dexmedetomidine group (RR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.70; I2 = 40%; GRADE evidence, moderate) than in the ketamine group.ConclusionThe low to very low-quality evidence in this systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs neither confirmed nor refuted comparable premedication efficacy of intranasal ketamine and dexmedetomidine in terms of parental separation, mask acceptance, and iv cannulation in a pediatric population. Clinical decision-making is likely to be influenced by differences in gastrointestinal and cardiovascular safety profiles.Study registrationPROSPERO (CRD42021262516); registered 22 July 2021.
Bonnin, Paul; Constans, Benjamin; Duhamel, Alain; Kyheng, Maéva; Ducloy-Bouthors, Anne-Sophie; Estevez, Max Gonzalez; Tavernier, Benoit; Gaudet, Alexandre
doi: 10.1007/s12630-022-02297-ypmid: 35927539
PurposeIndividuals in late pregnancy are at risk of significant hemodynamic variations, especially during Cesarean delivery. Although non-invasive monitoring might enable the early detection of variations in cardiac output (CO), clinical validation is lacking.MethodsIn a prospective, single-center study, we measured CO simultaneously with finger plethysmography and transthoracic echocardiography in 100 third-trimester pregnant individuals in the supine and left lateral decubitus (LLD) positions.ResultsA Bland–Altman analysis revealed a mean (standard deviation) bias of 1.36 (1.04) L·min–1 in the supine position (95% limits of agreement, -0.68 to 3.4 L·min–1; percent error, 26.6%), indicating overestimation by finger plethysmography. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33 to 0.51). Regarding the changes in CO induced by the supine-to-LLD transition, the concordance rate in a four-quadrant plot was 98.3% (95% CI, 91.1 to 99.9%).ConclusionOur study showed a poor reliability of finger plethysmography for static measurement of CO. Nevertheless, finger plethysmography had a reasonably high concordance rate for the detection of CO changes secondary to positional changes in late-pregnant individuals.Study registration datewww.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03735043); registered 8 November 2018.
Wicker, James; Maxwell, Cynthia V.; Downey, Kristi; Singh, Mandeep; Balki, Mrinalini
doi: 10.1007/s12630-022-02311-3pmid: 36056279
Showing 1 to 10 of 11 Articles
doi: 10.1007/s12630-022-02293-2pmid: 36056280
PurposePreoperative frailty assessment is recommended by multiple practice guidelines and may improve outcomes, but it is not routinely performed. The barriers and facilitators of routine preoperative frailty assessment have not been formally assessed. Our objective was to perform a theory-guided evaluation of barriers and facilitators to preoperative frailty assessment.MethodsThis was a research ethics board-approved qualitative study involving physicians who perform preoperative assessment (consultant and resident anesthesiologists and consultant surgeons). Semistructured interviews were conducted by a trained research assistant informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify barriers and facilitators to frailty assessment. Interview transcripts were independently coded by two research assistants to identify specific beliefs relevant to each theoretical domain.ResultsWe interviewed 28 clinicians (nine consultant anesthesiologists, nine consultant surgeons, and ten anesthesiology residents). Six domains (Knowledge [100%], Social Influences [96%], Social Professional Role and Identity [96%], Beliefs about Capabilities [93%], Goals [93%], and Intentions [93%]) were identified by > 90% of respondents. The most common barriers identified were prioritization of other aspects of assessment (e.g., cardio/respiratory) and a lack of awareness of evidence and guidelines supporting frailty assessment. The most common facilitators were a high degree of familiarity with frailty, recognition of the importance of frailty assessment, and strong intentions to perform frailty assessment.ConclusionBarriers and facilitators to preoperative frailty assessment are multidimensional, but generally consistent across different types of perioperative physicians. Knowledge of barriers and facilitators can guide development of evidence-based strategies to increase frailty assessment.