Agribusiness : An International Journal

doi: 10.1002/1520-6297(199105)7:3<::AID-AGR2720070301>3.0.CO;2-2pmid: N/A

Nemajovsky, Alexander R.; Centner, Terence J.

doi: 10.1002/1520-6297(199105)7:3<187::AID-AGR2720070302>3.0.CO;2-Jpmid: N/A

Phytosanitary regulations as barriers to international trade and their infringement upon the objectives of the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade has proven to be a troublesome issue. Phytosanitary regulations governing pesticide residues pursuant to a US federal legislative provision known as the Delaney Clause may constitute barriers to trade. The policy of a zero tolerance level for carcinogens in certain foods may preclude acceptance of Codex Alimentarius limits, although the two systems of regulation are not inconsistent in themselves. This article analyzes the Delaney Clause and a recent modification to Delaney that gives the US an additional policy basis from which to seek a global harmonization of pesticide standards. Such a harmonization could perhaps best be accomplished through the Codex Alimentarius system using the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade as the mechanism for implementation.

Reynolds, Anderson; McFaul, Arlie; Goddard, Ellen

doi: 10.1002/1520-6297(199105)7:3<197::AID-AGR2720070303>3.0.CO;2-Dpmid: N/A

Using quarterly data, the notion of Granger causality is employed to to test the causal relationship existing between advertising and sales of cheese and butter in Canada. Results suggest that advertising expenditures influences sales of both commodities. However, sales appear to influence neither cheese or butter advertising expenditures.

Powers, Nicholas J.

doi: 10.1002/1520-6297(199105)7:3<203::AID-AGR2720070304>3.0.CO;2-3pmid: N/A

An econometric analysis shows that the late‐season suspensions of handler prorates in the Federal marketing order for California—Arizona navel oranges during the 1983 to 1989 seasons increased quantities used fresh and lowered prices for fresh navels. The suspensions also decreased quantities processed which increased prices for processing navels. Because demand is more price inelastic in the higher‐priced, fresh‐use market than for processing, growers' revenue fell during the suspensions. The suspensions boosted total marketers' and consumers' economic well‐being as measured by economic surplus. The size of the suspension effects depends largely on the volumes of navels shipped during the suspension and crop size.

Braithwaite, William M.; Howard, Wayne H.; Laidlaw, John

doi: 10.1002/1520-6297(199105)7:3<231::AID-AGR2720070305>3.0.CO;2-Upmid: N/A

A survey of recent Ontario College of Agriculture graduates and participants in continuing education agriculture courses reported a strong interest in an independent study option for the Master of Agriculture in Agribusiness Management (MAgr) program. There was an even stronger interest in selected courses offered through an independent study program, particularly marketing, finance, and commodity marketing. The perception of an independent study program being a lower quality than an in‐residence program is stronger among academics than among students; the perceived quality difference would not affect most students' decision to enroll. An independent study Master of Agriculture in Agribusiness Management (ISMAgr) program is proposed that would make extensive use of electronic communication systems (e.g., electronic mail, fax machines, telephones) to maintain regular student/teacher interaction. A one‐week residency at the beginning of each semester would facilitate student interaction. The ISMAgr is expected to complement existing in‐residence programs. However, faculty and administration commitment is essential for a quality program.

Capps, Oral; Nayga, Rodolfo M.

doi: 10.1002/1520-6297(199105)7:3<241::AID-AGR2720070306>3.0.CO;2-Opmid: N/A

This article constitutes a trial of the use of scanner data to investigate the demand for fresh beef products (brisket, chuck, ground, loin, rib, round, and all other beef). Own‐price elasticities are negative, statistically significant, and in the elastic range. Own‐advertisement elasticities are positive and statistically significant but very inelastic. Cross‐price effects and cross‐advertisement effects are marginal. Seasonality is evident only for purchases of loin and all other beef. This article documents the utility of scanner data in food demand analysis.

Pelzer, Pierre M. L.; Menkhaus, Dale J.; Whipple, Glen D.; Field, Ray A.; Moore, Shawn W.

doi: 10.1002/1520-6297(199105)7:3<253::AID-AGR2720070307>3.0.CO;2-Gpmid: N/A

Ordered probit models were used to identify factors which influenced consumer rankings of vacuum skin packaged steaks and roasts. Variables included selected demographic characteristics and concerns regarding retail beef packaging. Information pertaining to the color of the beef in, and the benefits of, the vacuum package was found to be among the most important factors.

Babula, Ronald A.; Bessler, David A.; Schluter, Gerald E.

doi: 10.1002/1520-6297(199105)7:3<269::AID-AGR2720070308>3.0.CO;2-4pmid: N/A

Monthly vector autoregressions of corn, farm broiler, and retail broiler prices were estimated for 1956:1–1968:12 (early period) and 1973:1–1985:11 (recent period), and then validated 36 months beyond each sample. Statistically significant evidence suggests that the dynamic manner in which corn price increases elicit broiler price changes has changed since the 1950s. Corn price increases are now more likely to be passed on to broiler consumers, and more immediately. Evidence further suggests that since the early period, significant change has occurred at the retail level, and that corn price has become a more important broiler price determinant.

Laserson, Myron R.; Baumel, C. Phillip

doi: 10.1002/1520-6297(199105)7:3<285::AID-AGR2720070309>3.0.CO;2-#pmid: N/A

This article describes the forces that have and will likely continue to result in large grain imports into the Soviet Union. It also describes current transportation problems in moving grain from Soviet import ports and producing farms to users. Finally, a set of research needs is identified to help solve the gain import port‐to‐end user transport and distribution problems.

Kober, Rodman; Baumel, C. Phillip

doi: 10.1002/1520-6297(199105)7:3<293::AID-AGR2720070310>3.0.CO;2-Opmid: N/A

This article describes the current state of the US grain transport system. It also describes the current and future transport problems faced by US farmers and grain companies in moving grain from farm to domestic and export markets. Finally, a set of research needs is identified to help solve the current and future problems facing the US grain transportation system.