Pharmaceutical Research

Vauthier, Christine; Bouchemal, Kawthar

doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9800-3pmid: 19107579

This review summarizes the different methods of preparation of polymer nanoparticles including nanospheres and nanocapsules. The first part summarizes the basic principle of each method of nanoparticle preparation. It presents the most recent innovations and progresses obtained over the last decade and which were not included in previous reviews on the subject. Strategies for the obtaining of nanoparticles with controlled in vivo fate are described in the second part of the review. A paragraph summarizing scaling up of nanoparticle production and presenting corresponding pilot set-up is considered in the third part of the review. Treatments of nanoparticles, applied after the synthesis, are described in the next part including purification, sterilization, lyophilization and concentration. Finally, methods to obtain labelled nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo investigations are described in the last part of this review.

Zhang, Yun; Pardridge, William

doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9815-9pmid: 19104914

Near complete abrogation of the neurotoxin effects are achieved with multiple intravenous dosing of GDNF plasmid DNA gene therapy, using receptor-targeted THLs, and a region-specific promoter.

Gaudana, Ripal; Jwala, J.; Boddu, Sai; Mitra, Ashim

doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9694-0pmid: 18758924

Anatomy and physiology of the eye makes it a highly protected organ. Designing an effective therapy for ocular diseases, especially for the posterior segment, has been considered as a formidable task. Limitations of topical and intravitreal route of administration have challenged scientists to find alternative mode of administration like periocular routes. Transporter targeted drug delivery has generated a great deal of interest in the field because of its potential to overcome many barriers associated with current therapy. Application of nanotechnology has been very promising in the treatment of a gamut of diseases. In this review, we have briefly discussed several ocular drug delivery systems such as microemulsions, nanosuspensions, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, dendrimers, implants, and hydrogels. Potential for ocular gene therapy has also been described in this article. In near future, a great deal of attention will be paid to develop non-invasive sustained drug release for both anterior and posterior segment eye disorders. A better understanding of nature of ocular diseases, barriers and factors affecting in vivo performance, would greatly drive the development of new delivery systems. Current momentum in the invention of new drug delivery systems hold a promise towards much improved therapies for the treatment of vision threatening disorders.

Majumdar, Soumyajit; Srirangam, Ramesh

doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9729-6pmid: 18810327

Our results suggest that stable ophthalmic solutions of hesperidin can be prepared and that hesperidin can efficiently permeate across the corneal tissue. Further investigation into its penetration into the back-of-the eye ocular tissues is warranted.

Ananth, Sudha; Karunakaran, Senthil; Martin, Pamela; Nagineni, Chandrasekharam; Hooks, John; Smith, Sylvia; Prasad, Puttur; Ganapathy, Vadivel

doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9709-xpmid: 18781380

CJVE cells express a novel, hitherto unknown transport process for endogenous/synthetic opioid peptides. This new transport process may offer an effective delivery route for opioid peptide drugs to the posterior segment of the eye.

Durairaj, Chandrasekar; Shah, Jaymin; Senapati, Shruti; Kompella, Uday

doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9728-7pmid: 18841448

The present study confirmed that intravitreal half-life could be better predicted by a group of variables (Log MW, Log P or Log D , dose number) rather than a single variable. In general, increasing Log MW and dose number, while reducing Log D or Log P would be beneficial for prolonging intravitreal half-life of drugs.

Majumdar, Soumyajit; Hingorani, Tushar; Srirangam, Ramesh; Gadepalli, Rama; Rimoldi, John; Repka, Michael

doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9730-0pmid: 18839288

The results demonstrate that enhanced transport of l -Asp-ACV is as a result of corneal transporter involvement (probably amino acid transporter B 0,+ ) and not as a result of changes in physicochemical properties due to prodrug derivatization (permeability of d -Asp-ACV and ACV were not significantly different).

Hariharan, Sudharshan; Gunda, Sriram; Mishra, Gyan; Pal, Dhananjay; Mitra, Ashim

doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9741-xpmid: 18958406

MRP2 is functionally active along with P-gp in effluxing drug molecules out of corneal epithelium. Steroids were able to significantly inhibit both P-gp and MRP2 mediated efflux of erythromycin.