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doi: 10.1177/070674379604100302pmid: 8722641
Over the past few years, the number of well-trained researchers has increased, but the amount of money available for research has remained the same or even decreased. Consequently, competition for support is keener than it ever was. How a grant is written may tip the balance between getting funded or not. This article provides some guidelines for writing better proposals, touching on the various parts of the protocol and how it should be packaged. It addresses both the overt purpose of the proposal, which is telling the reviewers what you want to do, why, and how; and the covert message, which is convincing them that you have the ability to do what you propose. The article also discusses the review mechanism, who it is who reads the grant, and why this matters.
El-Guebaly, Nady; Atkinson, Mark
doi: 10.1177/070674379604100303pmid: 8722642
Objective:This survey assesses the research training and productivity of academic faculty in Canadian departments of psychiatry and compares the findings with those of colleagues in the United States.Method:A questionnaire was adapted to suit the Canadian milieu and was distributed to a target population of 2484, including a core 522 full-time faculty.Results:The response rate among full-time faculty was 65%, but only 26.5% for clinical and adjunct faculty. A small proportion (16%) of our MD and a greater proportion (57%) of our PhD respondents were included in a fairly lenient definition of researcher. Departments seek to recruit PhDs with an active involvement in research. Overall there appear to be more similarities than differences in research interests with our colleagues in the United States. The pharmaceutical industry was the most frequently mentioned source of research funding for MDs, while the availability of a mentor was perceived as the most influential factor determining the choice of a research career.Conclusions:Recommendations include adequate exposure to research during medical school and residency as well as appropriate inducements for the recruitment and retention of practising researchers.
El-Guebaly, Nady; Atkinson, Mark
doi: 10.1177/070674379604100304pmid: 8722643
Objective:To assess the impact of the increased proportion of female psychiatrists and trainees, the rapid reduction of international medical graduates allowed in the country, and the expanding number of practitioners with subspecialization on the future pool of psychiatrist researchers in Canadian academic departments of psychiatry.Method:A questionnaire was adapted to suit the Canadian milieu and distributed to a target population of 2484, including a core of 522 full-time faculty.Results:Female psychiatrists responding to the questionnaire reported less research involvement overall than their male counterparts. International medical graduates with both undergraduate and residency training abroad reported more research interests than other graduate categories. Respondents training in a subspecialty showed no difference in research commitment.Conclusions:Concerted efforts must be made to recruit, support, and retain female researchers. Particular attention must be paid to developing research expertise among Canadian medical graduates. The trend towards subspecialization influences only the selection of research topic.
Goldbloom, David S; Garfinkel, Paul E
doi: 10.1177/070674379604100305pmid: 8722644
Objective:To identify important trends and themes that will affect psychiatric training and practice.Method:Selective literature review and reflections by the authors.Results:Three principal themes are elucidated relating to empiricism and integration, accountability and collaboration, and training and the public trust.Conclusions:There must be debate and action on these and other themes to maintain the relevance of psychiatry to its changing context.
Remington, Gary J; Addington, Donald; Collins, Evan J; Jones, Barry D; Lalonde, Pierre; MacCrimmon, Duncan J; MaCewan, G William
doi: 10.1177/070674379604100306pmid: 8722645
Objective:This study evaluates clozapine and its present role in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia.Method:Clozapine's current clinical status is reviewed, as is its position with respect to other treatment options.Results:Clozapine represents the prototype of “atypical” neuroleptics, with evidence of clinical efficacy in both positive and negative symptoms, as well as a diminished risk of extrapyramidal side effects. It is the only neuroleptic to date that has established itself as having little, if any, risk of tardive dyskinesia. More recent research has focused on its potential for overall savings in health care costs, as well as possible benefits in the area of neuropsychological functioning.Conclusion:Evidence suggesting that the course of schizophrenia can be altered by effective treatment favours a systematic approach that optimizes treatment options. While clozapine does not represent a 1st-line agent because of its risk of agranulocytosis, it has an integral role to play in treatment-resistant schizophrenia or in individuals experiencing intolerable side effects with conventional neuroleptics.Objectif:La présente étude vise à évaluer la clozapine et son rôle actuel dans la pharmacothérapie de la schizophrénie.Méthode:On évalue l'emploi clinique actuel de la clozapine ainsi que sa position par rapport à d'autres options de traitement.Résultats:La clozapine constitue le prototype des neuroleptiques «atypiques,» révélant une efficacité clinique autant sur les symptômes positifs que négatifs ainsi qu'un risque réduit d'effets secondaires extrapyramidaux. Elle constitue le seul neuroleptique à ce jour associé à peu, voire pas du tout, de risque de dyskinésie tardive. De récentes recherches se sont penchées sur son potentiel d'économies globales en soins de santé ainsi que sur ses avantages en matière de fonctionnement neuropsychologique.Conclusion:L'information qui suggère que l'évolution de la schizophrénie peut être modifiée par un traitement efficace encourage une approche systématique optimisant les options de traitement. Bien que la clozapine ne soit pas un médicament d'élection étant donné le risque d'agranulocytose, elle joue un rôle important dans le traitement de la schizophrénie résistante au traitement ou chez les personnes pour qui les effets secondaires des neuroleptiques conventionnels sont intolérables.
Carlin, Kathleen; Silberfeld, Michel; Deber, Raisa B; Lowy, Frederick
doi: 10.1177/070674379604100307pmid: 8722646
Objectives:To report on the perceptions of assessment of competency and its consequences on a group of clients and significant others at follow-up.Methods:Ninety-five interviews were conducted using a carefully developed semistructured telephone interview of 24 clients and 71 family/caregivers, representing the perceptions of about 80 clients.Results:There was general satisfaction in the competency assessment process. There was a perception that interests and rights were protected. Clients were seen to be less involved in all spheres of decision making rergardless of capacity outcome. Clients and families were satisfied with how decisions were made.Conclusions:Follow-up study of competency assessment does not support the conclusions previously drawn based on court record studies that assessments are deleterious and frequently result in violations of rights.
Shulman, Richard W; Marton, Peter; Fisher, Anne; Cohen, Carole
doi: 10.1177/070674379604100308pmid: 8722647
Objective:This study describes psychogeriatric patients who visit the Emergency Room (ER) in a teaching hospital with a comprehensive psychogeriatric service.Method:A survey assessing demographic and clinical characteristics was completed for every psychiatric ER patient during a 2-year period.Results:One hundred and seventy-three ER patients aged over 60 (mean age 71.2) were assessed. Fifty-three percent were previously known to the psychogeriatric service. The majority of these previously known psychogeriatric patients who used the ER suffered from mood disorders. The majority of new psychogeriatric patients seen in the ER had an organic brain syndrome (OBS).Conclusions:Few OBS patients who visited the ER were previously known to the psychogeriatric service, but many new OBS patients accessed the psychogeriatric service via the ER. For patients with mood disorders, particularly if suicidal, the ER was used as part of their service delivery system.
Debruille, Jacques B; Stip, Et Emmanuel
doi: 10.1177/070674379604100309pmid: 8722648
Objectif:Retracer l'évolution des hypothèses concernant le syndrome de Capgras.Méthodes:Les données consistent en un peu plus de 60 études publiées entre 1866 et 1994 qui ont été sélectionnées en fonction de leur caractère novateur et de leur pertinence quant à la description clinique du syndrome, et quant aux interprétations psychodynamiques, neurologiques et neuropsychologiques.Résultats:Deux temps principaux, se chevauchant partiellement, peuvent être dégagés dans l'évolution des hypothèses touchant aux mécanismes du syndrome. Le 1er, débutant dès 1923, se caractérise par la prédominance des interprétations psychodynamiques. Le 2e, issu de la constatation de dysfonctionnements organiques dans un pourcentage élevé de cas, s'en différencie par la survenue d'interprétations d'ordre neurologiques, et par quelques hypothèses mixtes.Conclusions:Au total cette revue permet de mettre en évidence la grande diversité des points de vue concernant le syndrome. Elle servira de base à l'étude suivante qui vise à montrer que la mise à l'épreuve expérimentale de chacun des points de vue est possible.
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