Schizophrenia Bulletin

Pethö, Bertalan

doi: N/Apmid: N/A

On the basis of Jaspers’ conception, a continuum of disease entities was earlier proposed. According to this linear disease model, a psychopathological syndrome, expanded with course of illness over a specified period of time (small disease entity) and with the etiopathogenesis (etiopathogenetical-syndromatological disease entity), can progress to the full disease entity. In empirical studies, variables indicating psychopathological disorders, on the one hand, and social maladjustment, on the other, form a relatively antagonistic open system in the outcome. Based on this finding and on the conceptions of multi-axial classifications, an hourglass model is proposed as a further development of the linear disease model. The proposed model reflects the intertwining of life history and case history, and offers the opportunity for both the elaboration of hypotheses that lend themselves to testing, and a synthesis of the biological and social psychiatric approaches.

Pethö,, Bertalan

doi: 10.1093/schbul/10.4.509pmid: 6515335

Abstract On the basis of Jaspers' conception, a continuum of disease entities was earlier proposed. According to this linear disease model, a psychopathological syndrome, expanded with course of illness over a specified period of time (small disease entity) and with the etiopathogenesis (etiopathogenetical-syndromatological disease entity), can progress to the full disease entity. In empirical studies, variables indicating psychopathological disorders, on the one hand, and social maladjustment, on the other, form a relatively antagonistic open system in the outcome. Based on this finding and on the conceptions of multi-axial classifications, an hourglass model is proposed as a further development of the linear disease model. The proposed model reflects the intertwining of life history and case history, and offers the opportunity for both the elaboration of hypotheses that lend themselves to testing, and a synthesis of the biological and social psychiatric approaches. This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Stanton, Alfred H.; Gunderson, John G.; Knapp, Peter H.; Frank, Arlene F.; Vannicelli, Marsha L.; Schnitzer, Robert; Rosenthal, Robert

doi: N/Apmid: N/A

This article describes a 2-year, multi-hospital study on the effects of psychotherapy for nonchronic schizophrenic patients. The design and methods used to evaluate the relative benefits of exploratory, insight-oriented (EIO) psychotherapy and reality-adaptive, supportive (RAS) psychotherapy when both are provided by experienced therapists against the backdrop of good hospital and psychopharmacological management are presented. Similarities and differences between the two therapies and the therapists are outlined. Special attention is given to the problems in implementing research on long-term psychotherapy. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the present study are discussed.

Stanton, Alfred H.; Gunderson, John G.; Knapp, Peter H.; Frank, Arlene F.; Vannicelli, Marsha L.; Schnitzer, Robert; Rosenthal, Robert

doi: 10.1093/schbul/10.4.520pmid: 6151245

This article describes a 2-year, multi-hospital study on the effects of psychotherapy for nonchronic schizophrenic patients. The design and methods used to evaluate the relative benefits of exploratory, insight-oriented (EIO) psychotherapy and reality-adaptive, supportive (RAS) psychotherapy when both are provided by experienced therapists against the backdrop of good hospital and psychopharmacological management are presented. Similarities and differences between the two therapies and the therapists are outlined. Special attention is given to the problems in implementing research on long-term psychotherapy. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the present study are discussed.

Stanton, Alfred, H.;Gunderson, John, G.;Knapp, Peter, H.;Frank, Arlene, F.;Vannicelli, Marsha, L.;Schnitzer,, Robert;Rosenthal,, Robert

doi: 10.1093/schbul/10.4.520pmid: 6151245

Abstract This article describes a 2-year, multi-hospital study on the effects of psychotherapy for nonchronic schizophrenic patients. The design and methods used to evaluate the relative benefits of exploratory, insight-oriented (EIO) psychotherapy and reality-adaptive, supportive (RAS) psychotherapy when both are provided by experienced therapists against the backdrop of good hospital and psychopharmacological management are presented. Similarities and differences between the two therapies and the therapists are outlined. Special attention is given to the problems in implementing research on long-term psychotherapy. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the present study are discussed. This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Gunderson, John G.; Frank, Arlene F.; Katz, Howard M.; Vannicelli, Marsha L.; Frosch, James P.; Knapp, Peter H.

doi: 10.1093/schbul/10.4.564pmid: 6151246

This study compares the effects of exploratory, insight-oriented (EIO) and reality-adaptive, supportive (RAS) forms of psychotherapy on a sample of 95 schizophrenic patients. Analyses of 2-year outcomes revealed a complex interaction between the type of psychotherapy provided and the domain of psychopathology affected. RAS psychotherapy exerted clear preferential effects in the areas of recidivism and role performance. The EIO psychotherapy exerted preferential, albeit more modest, action in the areas of ego functioning and cognition. Overall, however, the magnitude of the differences was low. The results highlighted the need for more focused studies of subgroups, and of process and contextual influences on outcome.

Gunderson, John G.; Frank, Arlene F.; Katz, Howard M.; Vannicelli, Marsha L.; Frosch, James P.; Knapp, Peter H.

doi: N/Apmid: N/A

This study compares the effects of exploratory, insight-oriented (EIO) and reality-adaptive, supportive (RAS) forms of psychotherapy on a sample of 95 schizophrenic patients. Analyses of 2-year outcomes revealed a complex interaction between the type of psychotherapy provided and the domain of psychopathology affected. RAS psychotherapy exerted clear preferential effects in the areas of recidivism and role performance. The EIO psychotherapy exerted preferential, albeit more modest, action in the areas of ego functioning and cognition. Overall, however, the magnitude of the differences was low. The results highlighted the need for more focused studies of subgroups, and of process and contextual influences on outcome.

Gunderson, John, G.;Frank, Arlene, F.;Katz, Howard, M.;Vannicelli, Marsha, L.;Frosch, James, P.;Knapp, Peter, H.

doi: 10.1093/schbul/10.4.564pmid: 6151246

Abstract This study compares the effects of exploratory, insight-oriented (EIO) and reality-adaptive, supportive (RAS) forms of psychotherapy on a sample of 95 schizophrenic patients. Analyses of 2-year outcomes revealed a complex interaction between the type of psychotherapy provided and the domain of psychopathology affected. RAS psychotherapy exerted clear preferential effects in the areas of recidivism and role performance. The EIO psychotherapy exerted preferential, albeit more modest, action in the areas of ego functioning and cognition. Overall, however, the magnitude of the differences was low. The results highlighted the need for more focused studies of subgroups, and of process and contextual influences on outcome. This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Carpenter, William, T.

doi: 10.1093/schbul/10.4.599pmid: 6393323

Abstract Psychotherapy of schizophrenia has engendered widespread interest and controversy. Etiologic theories and ideologic orientation toward psychopathology have unduly influenced clinicians' therapeutic approach, and only recently has the drug versus psychotherapy polemic given way to scientific study and integration of seemingly distinct treatments. The Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia Project provides an important new perspective on methodology and data analysis. A differential effect between two psychotherapies was hypothesized, but results support the view that supportive psychotherapy is at least as effective as more intensive psychotherapy based on psychoanalytic theory and psychodynamic practice. The more general question of efficacy of psychotherapies is not addressed, but it is a vitally important issue which demands the critical attention of advocates rather than advocacy devoid of efficacy data. This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press