Schizophrenia Bulletin

Wilson, Ian C.; Garbutt, James C.; Lanier, Clayton F.; Moylan, Joseph; Nelson, William; Prange, Arthur J.

doi: 10.1093/schbul/9.2.187pmid: 6135252

A change in the phenomenology of schizophrenia has been observed over the past several decades; affective disturbances and phasic courses have become more evident. Although there is no obvious single explanation for these changes, several ideas have been considered. The advent and use of antipsychotic drugs over the past 30 years stands out as the most significant change. Because it is well known that chronic treatment with antipsychotic drugs can induce tardive dyskinesia and has been hypothesized to induce a supersensitivity psychosis, it is reasonable to believe that other behavioral changes may occur over time. We here describe a behavioral disorder that we have termed tardive dysmentia, involving changes in affect, activation level, and interpersonal interaction. A relationship between tardive dysmentia and tardive dyskinesia is suggested. It is our hypothesis that tardive dysmentia contributes to the changing course of schizophrenia and occurs after long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs.

Wilson, Ian, C.;Garbutt, James, C.;Lanier, Clayton, F.;Moylan,, Joseph;Nelson,, William;Prange, Arthur, J.

doi: 10.1093/schbul/9.2.187pmid: 6135252

Abstract A change in the phenomenology of schizophrenia has been observed over the past several decades; affective disturbances and phasic courses have become more evident. Although there is no obvious single explanation for these changes, several ideas have been considered. The advent and use of antipsychotic drugs over the past 30 years stands out as the most significant change. Because it is well known that chronic treatment with antipsychotic drugs can induce tardive dyskinesia and has been hypothesized to induce a supersensitivity psychosis, it is reasonable to believe that other behavioral changes may occur over time. We here describe a behavioral disorder that we have termed tardive dysmentia, involving changes in affect, activation level, and interpersonal interaction. A relationship between tardive dysmentia and tardive dyskinesia is suggested. It is our hypothesis that tardive dysmentia contributes to the changing course of schizophrenia and occurs after long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs. This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Wilson, Ian C.; Garbutt, James C.; Lanier, Clayton F.; Moylan, Joseph; Nelson, William; Prange, Arthur J.

doi: N/Apmid: N/A

A change in the phenomenology of schizophrenia has been observed over the past several decades; affective disturbances and phasic courses have become more evident. Although there is no obvious single explanation for these changes, several ideas have been considered. The advent and use of antipsychotic drugs over the past 30 years stands out as the most significant change. Because it is well known that chronic treatment with antipsychotic drugs can induce tardive dyskinesia and has been hypothesized to induce a supersensitivity psychosis, it is reasonable to believe that other behavioral changes may occur over time. We here describe a behavioral disorder that we have termed tardive dysmentia, involving changes in affect, activation level, and interpersonal interaction. A relationship between tardive dysmentia and tardive dyskinesia is suggested. It is our hypothesis that tardive dysmentia contributes to the changing course of schizophrenia and occurs after long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs.

Weinberger, Daniel R.; Wagner, Richard L.; Wyatt, Richard Jed

doi: N/Apmid: N/A

Over the past 20 years, there has been a relatively quiet but persistent effort to investigate anatomical neuropathology in schizophrenia. This effort has involved post-mortem histopathology using novel preparation procedures, pneumoencephalography, and computed tomography. The bulk of this research is critically reviewed here. The evidence presented suggests that the brains of schizophrenic patients frequently contain abnormalities. The limbic region is especially likely to show pathological changes. However, the changes are variable and nonspecific. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of our limited knowledge of the clinical manifestations of subtle limbic pathology. It is concluded that pathology of limbic regions is associated with schizophrenia and that the more gross the pathology, the more neurologically impaired are the patients.

Weinberger, Daniel, R.;Wagner, Richard, L.;Wyatt, Richard, Jed

doi: 10.1093/schbul/9.2.193pmid: 6346480

Abstract Over the past 20 years, there has been a relatively quiet but persistent effort to investigate anatomical neuropathology in schizophrenia. This effort has involved post-mortem histopathology using novel preparation procedures, pneumoencephalography, and computed tomography. The bulk of this research is critically reviewed here. The evidence presented suggests that the brains of schizophrenic patients frequently contain abnormalities. The limbic region is especially likely to show pathological changes. However, the changes are variable and nonspecific. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of our limited knowledge of the clinical manifestations of subtle limbic pathology. It is concluded that pathology of limbic regions is associated with schizophrenia and that the more gross the pathology, the more neurologically impaired are the patients. This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Weinberger, Daniel R.; Wagner, Richard L.; Wyatt, Richard Jed

doi: 10.1093/schbul/9.2.193pmid: 6346480

Over the past 20 years, there has been a relatively quiet but persistent effort to investigate anatomical neuropathology in schizophrenia. This effort has involved post-mortem histopathology using novel preparation procedures, pneumoencephalography, and computed tomography. The bulk of this research is critically reviewed here. The evidence presented suggests that the brains of schizophrenic patients frequently contain abnormalities. The limbic region is especially likely to show pathological changes. However, the changes are variable and nonspecific. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of our limited knowledge of the clinical manifestations of subtle limbic pathology. It is concluded that pathology of limbic regions is associated with schizophrenia and that the more gross the pathology, the more neurologically impaired are the patients.

Mueser, Kim T.; Dysken, Maurice W.

doi: 10.1093/schbul/9.2.213pmid: N/A

Studies investigating the efficacy of the opiate antagonists naloxone and naltrexone in the treatment of schizophrenia are reviewed. Naloxone tended to ameliorate psychotic symptoms of noncatatonic schizophrenic patients when a dose of at least 4 mg was administered, although some of the high-dose studies produced conflicting results. Possible factors relating to the nonresponder issue are discussed, including concomitant neuroleptic medication, interindividual dose sensitivity, and subject selection criteria and target symptoms. Recommendations are made for more intensive study of single cases and experimental designs aimed at delineating the interactions between naloxone and neuroleptics, and assessing the need for stringent subject selection criteria. Naloxone also enhanced movement in stuporous and catatonic schizophrenics. Naltrexone, on the other hand, had more negative than positive effects on schizophrenic patients, possibly because of opiate agonist properties.

Mueser, Kim T.; Dysken, Maurice W.

doi: N/Apmid: N/A

Studies investigating the efficacy of the opiate antagonists naloxone and naltrexone in the treatment of schizophrenia are reviewed. Naloxone tended to ameliorate psychotic symptoms of noncatatonic schizophrenic patients when a dose of at least 4 mg was administered, although some of the high-dose studies produced conflicting results. Possible factors relating to the nonresponder issue are discussed, including concomitant neuroleptic medication, interindividual dose sensitivity, and subject selection criteria and target symptoms. Recommendations are made for more intensive study of single cases and experimental designs aimed at delineating the interactions between naloxone and neuroleptics, and assessing the need for stringent subject selection criteria. Naloxone also enhanced movement in stuporous and catatonic schizophrenics. Naltrexone, on the other hand, had more negative than positive effects on schizophrenic patients, possibly because of opiate agonist properties.

Mueser, Kim, T.;Dysken, Maurice, W.

doi: 10.1093/schbul/9.2.213pmid: N/A

Abstract Studies investigating the efficacy of the opiate antagonists naloxone and naltrexone in the treatment of schizophrenia are reviewed. Naloxone tended to ameliorate psychotic symptoms of noncatatonic schizophrenic patients when a dose of at least 4 mg was administered, although some of the high-dose studies produced conflicting results. Possible factors relating to the nonresponder issue are discussed, including concomitant neuroleptic medication, interindividual dose sensitivity, and subject selection criteria and target symptoms. Recommendations are made for more intensive study of single cases and experimental designs aimed at delineating the interactions between naloxone and neuroleptics, and assessing the need for stringent subject selection criteria. Naloxone also enhanced movement in stuporous and catatonic schizophrenics. Naltrexone, on the other hand, had more negative than positive effects on schizophrenic patients, possibly because of opiate agonist properties. This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Walters, Glenn, D.

doi: 10.1093/schbul/9.2.226pmid: 6346481

Abstract Research investigating application of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to schizophrenia is reviewed. This review is organized into five sections: diagnostic issues in schizophrenia; methodological considerations in MMPI research on schizophrenia; historical overview of MMPI research on schizophrenia; current topics in MMPI research on schizophrenia; conclusion. Recommendations are offered for future research and clinical application of research findings. This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press