Applied Spectroscopy Reviews

Priqueler, Julien R. L.; Butler, Ian S.; Rochon, Fernande D.

doi: 10.1080/05704920600620311pmid: N/A

Abstract This brief, non‐exhaustive review describes some basic theoretical aspects of 195Pt nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and also the empirical approach used by the researchers in the field. The different factors which influence the chemical shifts are discussed. The couplings constants between 195Pt and other isotopes, which have a spin of 1/2 (such as, 1H and 13C) bring further important information on the structures of Pt compounds. Recently, 195Pt‐NMR spectroscopy in the liquid state has been used successfully in many research fields, e.g., the determination of enantiomeric composition and absolute configuration, in the area of biosensors and biomarkers, in cluster chemistry, in cancer research and in kinetic studies. While liquid‐state 195Pt‐NMR spectroscopy encompasses a wide range of areas, the parallel solid‐state technique has only been employed over the past few years, mainly in studies of heterogeneous catalysis and is more industrially oriented.

Nelis, Thomas; Pallosi, Jozsef

doi: 10.1080/05704920600620345pmid: N/A

Abstract This review article focuses on the analytical capabilities of glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD‐OES) and mass spectrometry (GD‐MS) to perform compositional depth profiling (GD‐CDP). The properties of the Grimm‐type glow discharge as well as basic processes of sputtering are described and their influence on the GD as a surface and interface analytical tool are discussed. A series of examples from recent literature ranging from computer hard disks to molecular monolayers on copper substrates are presented to illustrate the excellent depth resolution that can be achieved with GD surface analytical techniques. The conditions for obtaining nanometer or even atomic‐layer depth resolution are discussed. Following this introduction is the possibilities of the technique a selection of applications principally chosen from our laboratories, demonstrating that GD‐OES and GD‐MS can be successfully employed as an analytical tool assisting the development of new materials and coatings. The applications cover common industrial tasks such as heat treatments, studies of diffusion processes at interfaces, and electrochemical depositions for biocompatible material. However, limitations and known artifacts are also discussed.

Galbács, Gábor

doi: 10.1080/05704920600620378pmid: N/A

Abstract This article attempts to review the major advancements made in the past 12 years, since 1993, in the field of diode laser atomic spectroscopy. The discussion covers experimental improvements (e.g., wavelength stabilization, frequency upconversion, enhancement of tuning characteristics, spectral bandwidth using external cavities, etc.), diagnostic applications in various atomizers, as well as analytical applications (e.g., absorption, fluorescence, and ionization spectroscopy; element‐selective detectors for chromatography; etc.). With potential new users of these methods in mind, a detailed overview of the properties relevant to atomic spectroscopy of commercial diode lasers is also given.

Júnior, Dario Santos; Krug, Francisco José; Pereira, Madson de Godoi; Korn, Mauro

doi: 10.1080/05704920600620436pmid: N/A

Abstract This review reports recent applications of the ultrasonic energy for extracting inorganic and organic analytes from diverse solid samples devoted to spectroscopic analyses. The main advantages resulting from ultrasound comprise the reduction of the procedural time and reagent consumption. In this sense, ultrasound‐assisted extractions can be considered as an efficient tool for improving the analytical performance of procedures employed in analytical chemistry and natural products chemistry. However, a rigorous experimental control is strongly recommended in order to avoid losses in precision and accuracy. Uncontrolled ultrasound‐assisted extraction procedure is also discussed, since ultrasonic irradiation can provoke decompositions of molecules, hindering organic compounds extraction.