Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology

Watanabe,, Shaw;Kobayashi,, Yumiko

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039601pmid: N/A

Abstract The importance of the role of endogenous hormones in carcinogenesis of the breast, endometrium, ovary and testis is well known. Exogenous hormones have become an important issue in human carcinogenesis because the number of case reports suggesting its relation to iatrogenic hormone usage is increasing due to the increased hormone consumption from various medical treatments. The risk of adenoma and carcinoma of the liver and endometrium caused by oral contraceptives has been clarified after relatively long-term experience. We have reviewed the risk from exogenous hormones, such as oral contraceptives, supplemented estrogens, tamoxifen, synthetic anabolic steroids, including danazol, clomiphene and growth hormone, and other growth factors produced by genetic engineering because of their possible role in causing human neoplasms. Exogenous hormone, Oral contraceptives, Estrogen replacement, Anabolic steroid, Danazol, Clomiphene, Growth hormone, Erythropoietin, Colony stimulating factor, Carcinogenesis, Clinical epidemiology This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Hida,, Toyoaki;Ariyoshi,, Yutaka;Kuwabara,, Masaki;Sugiura,, Takahiko;Takahashi,, Takashi;Takahashi,, Toshitada;Hosoda,, Kenji;Niitsu,, Yoshiro;Ueda,, Ryuzo

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039602pmid: N/A

Abstract The human placental form of glutathione S-transferase π (GST-π) was measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in lung cancer cell lines established in our laboratories. In classic-type small cell lung cancer (SCLC, variant-type SCLC and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLQ, the respective mean GST-π values were 0.83 ±0.88, 3.27±2.85 and 2.40±0.76 μg/mg protein. Cell lines with high GST-π content had low levels of neuron specific enolase, which is known as a representative tumor marker for SCLC. This suggests that GST-π may also be used as a potential marker for NSCLC. The lines with low GST-π content were more sensitive to radiation than those with high GST-π content. Cell lines not subjected to prior therapy also showed a good correlation between GST-π levels and chemosensitivity to cisplatin. The findings suggest that GST-π can be used as an adjunctive marker for lung cancer. Glutathione S-transferase π, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Lung cancer, Chemo-radiosensitivity, Monoclonal antibody This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Narita,, Tatsuhiko;Funahashi,, Hiroomi;Satoh,, Yasuyuki;Takagi,, Hiroshi

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039603pmid: N/A

Abstract Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) appears in the cell nuclei during the late G1 to S phases of the cell cycle and is thought to be closely related to cellular proliferation. The authors have conducted an immunohistochemical study in order to investigate the tissue expression of PCNA and its clinical significance in breast cancer. Excluding cases with absolutely no positive cells on the section specimen, the mean value (%) for the PCNA labeling index (LI) was 30.4 in 187 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma. No correlations between PCNA LI and any clinicopathological factors such as tumor diameter and tumor stage were observed. Also, no significant correlation was observed with Ki-67 LI. A positive correlation was, however, observed with the tissue expression of c-erbB-2 protein. We divided 82 patients with stage II invasive ductal carcinoma into PCNA LI of <10, PCNA LI of 10–50 and PCNA of >50, and analyzed the specimens for any correlation with prognosis. The group with PCNA LI of >50 had significantly poorer prognoses than the other groups. From the above, we concluded immunostaining for PCNA to be useful as a prognostic factor and as an indicator of the degree of malignancy in breast cancer. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Breast cancer, Prognostic factor, Immunohistochemistry This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Rim, Kyu, Sung;Sakamoto,, Michiie;Watanabe,, Hidejiro;Matsuno,, Yoshihiro;Nakanishi,, Yukihiro;Mukai,, Kiyoshi;Hirohashi,, Setsuo

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039604pmid: N/A

Abstract Among 92 surgically resected human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) ≤ 3cm in diameter, 23 tumors (25%) grossly showed a nodule-in-nodule appearance indicating stepwise progression of HCC. The central nodules showed destructive growth of HCC, which was less differentiated than the surrounding area histologically, while the surrounding area showed growth of very-welldifferentiated HCC with no, or only minimal, destruction of the underlying liver structures. Previously, we proposed the term “early HCC” for HCCs without definite destructive growth, and the nodule-in-nodule lesions described here are considered to be in the transitional stage from early HCC to advanced HCC, and are therefore named early advanced HCC (eAd HCC). DNA cytophotometry was performed in 12 cases of eAd HCC, in which the early HCC component, advanced HCC component and non-tumorous liver tissue showing chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis were analyzed separately. The early HCC component showed a diploid pattern in eight of the 12 cases. The advanced HCC component showed an aneuploid peak in seven cases, and in three of these the peak was detected only in the advanced HCC component and not in the early HCC component. The mean nuclear DNA content was significantly increased from nontumorous liver to the early HCC component and from the early HCC component to the advanced HCC component. Polyploid cells containing more than 4.8C DNA were exceptional in non-tumorous liver, but were detectable in the early HCC component and increased in number in the advanced HCC component. These findings suggest that DNA instability may have an important role to play in the subclonal progression of human HCC. Hepatocellular carcinoma, Multistage carcinogenesis, Tumor progression, Chromosomal instability, Aneuploidy This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes *Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, 948-1 Dalrim-1-dong, Youngdungpo-ku, Seoul 150, Korea © Oxford University Press

Ono,, Ryosuke;Suemasu,, Keiichi;Matsunaka,, Toshiyuki

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039605pmid: N/A

Abstract An ultrasonic bronchoscope has been newly developed for diagnosis and lymph node staging in the hilum and mediastium. The instrument comprises an Echo-camera, SSD-630 (Aloka), and a transbronchial ultrasonic probe similar to the currently used videobronchoscope. The scope is equipped with an ultrasonic transducer in its tip. The maximum diameter of the probe head is 6.3 mm and that of the transducer, 5.0 mm. The frequency employed is 7.5 Megahertz (MHz) and the direction of scanning is parallel to the bronchoscopic axis. The device can easily be introduced into the lobar bronchus under topical anesthesia in a similar procedure to that used for routine videobronchoscopy. The location of the transducer in the airway is confirmed by monitoring endoscopic images on a TV monitor screen. With the device, 25 patients, who had given their consent for the ultrasonographic study beforehand, were examined during the twomonth period, January and February, 1992. Vessels such as the thoracic aorta, pulmonary artery and truncus brachiocephalicus were good landmarks for diagnosis. Lung cancer was detected in five patients by biopsy, three malignant lesions in the hilum were diagnosed by videobronchoscopy while two malignant lesions in the periphery were confirmed by bronchoscopic ultrasonography as anterior mediastinal lymph node swellings. Bronchoscopy, Ultrasonography, Lung Cancer This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Kiyohashi,, Atsushi;Kurihara,, Minoru;Yoshida,, Shigeaki;Ohkubo,, Toshiharu;Suga,, Shoji

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039606pmid: N/A

Abstract The “Criteria for Evaluating the Efficacy of Chemotherapy/Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer” are now widely used in Japan. To assess the validity of the criteria, the relation between the antitumor effect evaluated by the criteria and the survival of patients with gastric cancer was analyzed. The subjects were 169 patients with unresectable advanced gastric cancer who were entered into a randomized comparative trial of tegafur plus mitomycin C, or UFT (a combination of uracil and tegafur in a 4 : 1 molar ratio) plus mitomycin C. Irrespective of their performance status, disease extent and chemotherapy regimen, responding patients showed improved survival over non-responding patients. If the primary gastric lesion responded to chemotherapy, prolongation of survival was noted in patients with a measurable gastric lesion as well as in those with a non-measurable but evaluable gastric lesion. No improvement in survival was recognized among patients having a primary gastric lesion which did not respond to chemotherapy, even if the metastases showed a response. The results obtained in the present study indicate the validity of the criteria, except for diffusely infiltrating gastric lesions. Chemotherapy, Assessment of efficacy of chemotherapy, Gastric cancer, Survival time This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Kohno,, Akio;Takeyama,, Kunihiko;Narabayashi,, Masaru;Tamayose,, Kenji;Watanabe,, Toru;Adachi,, Isamu;Tobisu,, Kenichi;Tobinai,, Kensei;Shimoyama,, Masanori

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039607pmid: N/A

Ravi,, R.

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039608pmid: N/A

Abstract From 1962 to 1984, 423 patients with invasive penile cancer and negative groin nodes were subjected to prophylactic lymphadenectomies (n113), observations (n258) or inguinal biopsies (n52) in a non-randomised fashion. The numbers of patients with T2, T3 and T4 lesions were similar in the three groups. The overall five-year disease-free survivals were 94, 93 and 85%, respectively. All groin recurrences in the observation group occurred within 18 months of the surgery for the primary tumor. The five-year disease-free survivals of node-positive patients in the lymphadenectomy and observation groups were 100 and 76%, respectively; three patients in the latter group had refused surgical treatment when their adenopathy was mobile. Morbidity from the prophylactic lymphadenectomies included wound breakdown in 61%, wound infection in 18% and lymphedema' in 25% of patients. We feel that neither prophylactic lymphadenectomy nor inguinal biopsy are justified in these patients. Close observation of the groin nodal status would be appropriate. Penile carcinoma, Prophylactic lymphadenectomy, Observation protocol, Inguinal biopsy, Sentinel node biopsy This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Guadagni,, Stefano;Catarci,, Marco;Ventura,, Terenzio;Leocata,, Pietro;Carboni,, Manlio

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039609pmid: N/A

Abstract Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel is uncommon. Due to the paucity and lack of specificity of symptoms, patients are usually seen late in the course of their illness when curative therapy, mainly represented by wide surgical resection, is unlikely. The authors report a case of primary adenocarcinoma arising in the jejunal limb transposed for a Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy reconstruction eight years after a total gastrectomy performed for an advanced gastric cancer (pT2N1M0), with mixed histological pattern (tubular-mucinous) and negative CEA staining of cancer cells. Evidence for excluding the possibility of a recurrence of the primitive gastric cancer was based on the different histologic pattern, positive CEA staining of cancer cells and other features of the second neoplasm. Early diagnosis of the neoplasm was made possible by its favorable anatomic location and the early onset of symptoms, which prompted effective surgical therapy (wide resection). The authors, furthermore, analyze and discuss the possible pathogenesis of the neoplasm, based on the evidence of slow jejunal limb emptying, elevated concentration of N-Nitroso compounds and contamination by N-nitrosating bacteria in the jejunal limb juice, suggesting that each of these factors could have had a role to play in the development of the jejunal malignancy. Adenocarcinoma, Small bowel, Transposed jejunum, Roux-en-Y, N-Nitroso compound This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Oda,, Noriko;Yasu,, Wataru;Ito,, Hisao;Tahara,, Eiichi

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039610pmid: N/A

Abstract A case of ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft tissue parts in the presacral region, which developed in a 46-year-old Japanese man is reported. The enucleated tumor was an encapsulated, elastic, hard mass measuring 2.5×2.2×1.4 cm. Microscopically, the tumor was characterized by foci of round to polygonal cells dispersed in a fibromyxoid matrix, containing varying amounts of collagen and osteoid tissue. At the marginal zone, the shell of bone and osteoid tissue with calcification separated the tumor from the surrounding tissues. Our patient is showing no evidence of recurrence after a one-year follow-up period. The findings are compatible with those proposed for ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts by Enzinger et al. in 1989. This tumor should be differentiated from cartilaginous, osteogenic and neural tumors. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, Extraskeletal osteosarcoma, Myositis ossificans, Nerve sheath tumor This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press