Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology

Hinoda,, Yuji;Takahashi,, Hiroki;Higashide,, Toshiyuki;Nakano,, Tatsumi;Arimura,, Yoshiaki;Yoshimoto,, Mitsuru;Tsujisaki,, Masayuki;Imai,, Kohzoh;Yachi,, Akira

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039449pmid: 2067130

Abstract Expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) mRNA were observed in malignant and nonmalignant colon tissues by Northern blot analysis. CEA mRNA was detected together with NCA mRNA in nine cultured cell lines, with the exception of the lung carcinoma A549 cell line, and in 19 colon tissue specimens, including carcinomas, adjacent noninvaded tissues and adenomas. When we compared the intensity of the hybridization signal for CEA or NCA mRNA among adenomas, carcinomas and adjacent noninvaded tissues, NCA mRNA rather than CEA mRNA was highly expressed in carcinomas compared to adjacent noninvaded tissues. When, however, the relation between the intensities of hybridization signals for CEA and NCA mRNAs were evaluated in five colon carcinoma cell lines and 19 colon tissue specimens, a statistically significant correlation was observed (γ=0.462, P<0.01). These data suggest that NCA may be more useful as a tumor marker for colon carcinoma than CEA at the level of mRNA, and that transcriptions of the CEA and NCA genes might be regulated by some common mechanisms in malignant and nonmalignant tissues of the colon. Messenger RNA, Carcinoembryonic antigen, Nonspecific cross-reacting antigen, Colon carcinoma This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Aozasa,, Katsuyuki;Matsumoto,, Masahiro;Tsujimoto,, Masahiko;Duijvestijn, Adrian, M.

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039450pmid: 2067131

Abstract The hypothesis that extranodal malignant lymphomas, such as thyroid, stomach, rectum, ileum and uterus, eventuate from long-standing inflammation is essentialy tested using a monoclonal antibody (HECA-452) to an endothelial-associated antigen selectively expressed by the high endothelim of post-capillary venules (HEVs) normally present in lymph nodes, tonsils and mucosa-associated lymhoid tissues. The presence of HEVs was examined on freshly prepared specimens from 16 cases of extranodal lymphoma of the B-cell type (eight thyroid, three stomach, two rectum, one ileum, one uterus, one tonsil). Control cases included reactive lymph nodes, nodal lymphoma of T-cell type, epithelial neoplasia, bone and soft tissue sarcomas, glioblastoma, thyroid affected by chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CITH), thyrotoxicosis (Grave's disease) or nodular goiter, and salivary gland affected by Sjogren's syndrome (SS). HECA HEVs were present in reactive lymph nodes, nodal lymphoma, and all but one case of thyroid, all cases of stomach and all cases of rectal lymphoma, together with all CLTH and SS, both known to be autoimmune diseases. No thyroid, ileal or uterine lymphoma cases had any HECA positive venules. HECA venules were present in extranodal lymphomas, either adjoining the lymphoid follicles observed in several cases or in the diffusely proliferating tumor cells. Previous studies have shown that HEVs appeared in association with long-standing inflammation. The present study therefore, suggested that extranodal lymphomas of the thyroid, stomach and rectum evolve in long-standing inflammation, forming HEVs. High endothelial venules, Extranodal lymphoma, Inflammation, Autoimmune disease This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Hong,, Weon-Seon;Hong,, Seon-ll;Kim,, Chang-Min;Kang,, Yoon-Koo;Song,, Jae-Kwan;Lee,, Myung-Shik;Lee,, Jhin-Oh;Kang,, Tae-Woong

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039451pmid: 2067132

Abstract Lymphocyte surface markers were determined in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in 31 stomach cancer patients (15 males and 16 females) and 47 controls (20 males and 27 females) using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The monoclonal antibodies used were Leu 2a (CD8, suppressor/cytotoxic T cells), Leu 3a (CD4, inducer/helper T cells), Leu 4 (CD3, pan T reagent), Leu 11 (CD16, natural killer cells) and Leu 12 (CD19, B cells). The numbers of PBL, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ and CD19+ cells significantly decreased and the CD4CDB value increased in patients with stomach cancer compared to those in healthy volunteers. In stage I, PBL, none of the PBL subsets nor the CD4 : CDO value were significantly different from those of the controls. In stage II, the numbers of PBL, CD3+, CD4+ and CDB+ cells decreased. In stage III, the CD19+ cells decreased in addition to the decreased subsets in stage II. In stage IV, PBL and all subsets measured decreased. The CD4:CD8 value showed significant increases in stages II, III and IV, because the CD8+ cells decreased to a greater extent than did the CD4+ cells. Changes in the subsets were analyzed with regard to age, sex, performance status and smoking history, no significant relation being observed between these factors and lymphocyte subsets. From the present study, we have demonstrated that lymphocyte subsets were differentially depressed in the order of T cells, B cells and natural killer cells, with progression of the stage of disease. Stomach cancer, Lymphocyte subsets, Stage This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Shijo,, Hiroshi;Okazaki,, Masatoshi

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039452pmid: 1648638

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma patients were categorized into three grades according to the extent of portal vein invasion by the tumor. Correlations between the extent of portal vein invasion and values of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and various biochemical tests were examined. The extent of portal vein invasion by the tumor significantly correlated with the values of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase: glutamic pyrubic transaminase (GOT: GPT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, leucinaminopeptidase (LAP), gamma-glutamic transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) and log10AFP. Results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the values of LAP, LDH, log10AFP and GOT:GPT to be statistically significant independent indicators of portal vein invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma. The calculated probability for portal vein tumor thrombus, which was derived from the results of a step wise multivariate logistic regression procedure, revealed high accuracy and specificity for predictability. To design effective therapy and to predict the prognosis, it would be beneficial to obtain additional information from this calculated probability in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma, Portal vein tumor thrombus, Tumor marker, Logistic regression analysis This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Ueyama,, Toshihiko;Yao,, Takashi;Nakamura,, Kenjiro;Enjoji,, Munetomo

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039437pmid: 2067123

Abstract A review of 40 cases of obstructing colorectal carcinoma selected from 1,786 cases of surgically resected colorectal carcinomas was undertaken. The average age of the patients was 63 years, and there were 22 women arid 18 men. Twenty-three lesions (58%) arose in the sigmoid colon and nine (23%) in the transverse colon, and obstructing rectal carcinomas were significantly rare. All of the obstructing tumors displayed a circumferential growth, 32 being examples of the annular constricting type. Obstructive colitis was caused by a combined lesion in only three cases. Microscopic characteristics of the obstructing carcinomas were as follows: 1) invasion of the whole thickness of the colorectal wall by the malignant tissue, 2) complete discontinuance of the muscularis propria in the affected area, 3) striking fibrous stromal reaction in the tumor, 4) upward rising, not descending, of both stumps of the discontinuous muscularis propria, 5) infiltrative growth of the tumor into the subserosa with scar-like fibrosis. It is indicated from the present study that obstructing carcinomas have features promising construction of the bowel lumen, but patients with such a tumor are not appreciably different in prognostic, histologic nor immunohistochemical aspects from those with a non-obstructing carcinoma. Obstructing colorectal carcinoma, Clinicopathologic study, Prognosis This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Kakizoe,, Tadao;Tobisu,, Ken-ichi;Tanaka,, Yoshinori;Mizutani,, Takashi;Teshima,, Shin-ichi;Kishi,, Kiyozo;Masakazu,, Tsutsumi

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039438pmid: 2067124

Abstract The multiplicity of transitional cell carcinomas in the renal pelvis, ureter and bladder was analyzed in terms of (1) tumor configuration, i.e., papillary, nodular cancers, (2) associated mucosal changes such as carcinoma in situ (CIS) and dysplasia and (3) the possible involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of multiple papillary cancers in the bladder. The incidences of concurrent or subsequent bladder cancer in renal pelvic cancer and/or ureteral cancer cases were 7/31 (22%) for renal pelvic cancer, 17/28 (60%) for ureteral cancer and 10/15 (67%) for renal pelvic and ureteral cancer. In 33 cases of renal pelvic and/or ureteral cancer occurring since 1978, 67% of the papillary and 13% of the nodular cancers in the upper tract exhibited a simultaneous or later development of bladder cancer. In 211 cases of bladder cancer for which cystectomy was performed, 77% of the papillary cancers arose in multiple form, 57% being associated with CIS and/or dysplasia, whereas 72% of the nodular cancers developed singly, 55% being associated with CIS and/or dysplasia. No positive signals hybridizing to I-IPV types 1, 5, 6, 11, 16, 17, 18, 20, 33 and 38 were detected in any of 19 papillary bladder cancers and 13 specimens of normal bladder mucosa under conditions of low stringency, suggesting that HPV may not be a factor in multiple bladder tumor development. Definite findings from the present study are: (1) there is multiple development of papillary cancers but they remain superficial, whereas nodular cancers develop singly and are invasive, (2)) there was no steady tendency towards a relation between multiplicity and associated mucosal changes, (3) HPV was not, to our knowledge, involved in the multiple development of papillary cancers in the bladder. Transitional cell carcinoma, Multiplicity, Bladder cancer, Renal pelvic and ureteral cancer, Human papillomavirus This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Ohsawa,, Masahiko;Aozasa,, Katsuyuki;Myoui,, Akira;Fujita, Masaki, Q.;Tsujimoto,, Masahiko;Ueda,, Takafumi;Uchida,, Atsumasa;Ono,, Keiro;Matsumoto,, Keishi

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039439pmid: 2067125

Atsushi,, Ohtsu;Yoshida,, Shigeaki;Saito,, Daizo;Shimada,, Yasuhiro;Miyamoto,, Kengo;Fujii,, Takahiro;Yoshino,, Mitsuya;Yoshimori,, Masayoshi

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039440pmid: 2067126

Abstract Twenty-two patients with measurable metastatic gastric cancer, refractory to prior chemotherapy, were treated with a combination chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and cisdiamminedichroloplatinum (II) (CDDP). 5FU was continuously infused for five consecutive days at a dose of 800 mg/m2/day, and CDDP was given intravenously for five days at a dose of 20 mg/m2/day over 30 mm every four weeks. All patients had received only one regimen of prior chemotherapy, and 10 of the 22 had been pretreated with combination of etoposide, doxorubicin and CDDP (EAP). It was possible to evaluate 20 of the 22 patients treated for response and toxicity. Nine of the 20 patients achieved a partial response, the response rate being 45% (23–67% with 95% confidence limits). The nine patients who responded included three who had been pretreated with EAP, indicating that 5FU + CDDP can be used as a second line chemotherapy against gastric cancer, even when the initial intensive chemotherapy, such as EAP, has failed to obtain or maintain a response. High grade toxicities (WHO grade 3 or 4) of leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and stomatitis were seen in 20, 25 and 40%, respectively. No treatment-related death was, however, observed. The above results suggest that 5FU + CDDP could be promising in a phase II trial with a large number of cases. Chemotherapy, 5FU, CDDP, Metastatic gastric cancer This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Ono,, Ryosuke;Egawa,, Sunao;Suemasu,, Keiichi;Sakura,, Mizuyoshi;Kitagawa,, Toshio

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039441pmid: 2067127

Abstract In 38 cases of Stage I lung cancer, for which surgery was not indicated because of poor cardiopulmonary function or other reason, radical irradiation yielded excellent results. The five year survival rate was 42.1%, the 10-year survival rate 28.4% and the 15-year survival rate 17.1%. Postradiation conlications which can be life-threatening, were acceptably low in incidence, and there was no radiation-related death. The results support the concept of radical irradiation being acceptable as a treatment modality for Stage I lung cancer if the patients concerned cannot have surgery because of poor cardiopulmonary function or some other reason. Long-term survivors, Stage I lung cancer, Radiation therapy This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press

Kurosumi,, Masafumi;Nomoto,, Chikao;Suemasu,, Kimihito;Higashi,, Yasuhiro;Matsui,, Takehisa;Takubo,, Kaiyo;Takayama,, Shojiro;Ishida,, Tsunehiro

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039442pmid: 2067128

Abstract A rare case of cavernous lymphangioma of the breast in a 16-year-old Japanese girl was investigated by light and electron microscopies, and immunohistochemistry. The patient, who had a soft breast tumor measuring 16 × 14cm, had undergone a tumorectomy two years after she noticed the tumor. Histologically, the tumor was composed of numerous narrow spaces containing amorphous fluid lined with a monolayer of endothelial cells. Abundant collagen fibers and numerous fibroblasts were found beneath the endothelium. Histological findings comfirmed a diagnosis of lymphangioma of the breast. Immunohistochemically, the endothelium showed negative immunoreaction for factor VIII-related antigen, but the discontinuous basal lamina was positive for laminin. Ultrastructurally, numerous microfilaments and pinocytotic vesicles were found in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells, and intermediate junctions were recognized between adjacent cells. In addition, a discontinuous basal lamina was seen beneath the endothelium. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical investigations are thus useful in confirming a diagnosis of cavernous lymphangioma of the breast. Lymphangioma, Electron microscopy, Immunohistochemistry, Mammary gland This content is only available as a PDF. © Oxford University Press