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Archontakis‐Barakakis, Paraschos; Li, Weijia; Kalaitzoglou, Dimitrios; Tzelves, Lazaros; Manolopoulos, Apostolos; Giannopoulos, Stefanos; Giamouzis, Grigorios; Giannakoulas, George; Batsidis, Apostolos; Palaiodimos, Leonidas; Ntaios, George; Lip, Gregory Y. H.; Kokkinidis, Damianos G.
Freitas Nunes de Sousa, Waleska Jaclyn; Sernizon Guimarães, Nathália; Costa Viana, Catiane; Silva Machado, Pamela Thayna; Fonseca Medeiros, Amanda; Sousa Vianna, Mayara; Pedra de Souza, Renan; Margotto Bertollo, Caryne; Parreiras Martins, Maria Auxiliadora
Pedrazini, Maria Cristina; Silva, Mariliza Henrique; Groppo, Francisco Carlos
doi: 10.1111/bcp.15444pmid: 35723628
Knowledge about viral characteristics, mechanisms of entry into the host cell and multiplication/dissemination can help in the control and treatment of viral pathologies. Several nutritional factors linked to the host may favour viral multiplication and their control, may lead to new prophylactic alternatives and/or antiviral therapies. The objective of this review is to discuss the relationship between the amino acid L‐lysine and the control of viral infections, aiming at a possible therapeutic property. This research used databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo, Medline and Google Scholar, as well as searching for references cited by journals. The time frame covered the period between 1964 and January 2022. The observed studies have shown that the usual antiviral therapies are not able to interfere with the viruses in their latent state; however, they can interfere with the adhesion and fusion of viral particles or the production of proteins, which play an important role in viral epidemiology and control, particularly in the initial moment and in reactivation. Lysine is an amino acid that can interfere mainly in the formation of capsid proteins and DNA by a competitive antagonism with amino acid arginine, which is an essential amino acid for some viruses, and also by promoting the increase of arginase, increasing the catabolism of arginine. Although there is evidence of the importance of L‐lysine in viral control, more studies are needed, with a view to new antiviral therapies.
Adeyeye, Elizabeth; Maniero, Carmela; Magavern, Emma F.; Ferner, Robin E.; McGettigan, Patricia
doi: 10.1111/bcp.15450pmid: 35771028
Direct‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are licensed for the prevention of thromboembolism in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation, amongst other indications. Prescribers use information derived from the summary of product characteristics which is based on the key trials supporting the DOAC's market authorisation. However, prescribers may not be aware of the limitations within these trials regarding underrepresentation of patient populations commonly encountered in clinical practice and how this may adversely impact them. This review highlights the gaps in the licensing evidence using four clinical vignettes that explore prescribing challenges in older adults, female patients, patients with obesity and patients from non‐Europid ethnic backgrounds.
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doi: 10.1111/bcp.15464pmid: 35853612
Nonadherence to thromboprophylaxis treatment with oral anticoagulants (OAC) is a public health problem and may be associated with high mortality rates. We sought to synthesize the factors associated with nonadherence to therapy with coumarin derivatives or direct oral anticoagulants. A systematic review was performed at electronic databases Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Lilacs and grey literature (Google Scholar, MedNar, OpenGray, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and hand search). This study was conducted according to Cochrane's method and PRISMA. The registration on PROSPERO is CRD42020223555. Overall, 1270 studies were identified and nine studies were selected for this review. In hand searching, 77 studies were found, but none included. The associated factors with nonadherence were heterogeneous, and some factors were described as both risk and protection for nonadherence, with few variables showing consistent results among the studies. Variables reported only as risk factors were “male sex”, “hospitalization”, “Charlson score” and “bleeding”, while “white race”, CHA2DS2VASc (score range 2‐9)” and “polypharmacy” were reported only as protective factors. Most studies did not present details in the description of concepts and methods to assess nonadherence. In clinical practice, the knowledge on factors associated with nonadherence is helpful to identifying patients at higher risk of complications that would benefit from individualized interventions.