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Select data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Publisher:
Oxford University Press —
Oxford University Press
ISSN:
0305-7453
Scimago Journal Rank:
203

2023

Volume 78
Supplement 1 (May)Issue 10 (Aug)Issue 9 (Aug)Issue 8 (Jul)Issue 7 (Jun)Issue 6 (May)Issue 5 (Apr)Issue 4 (Mar)Issue 3 (Jan)Issue 2 (Feb)

2022

Volume 78
Issue 3 (Dec)Issue 2 (Dec)Issue 1 (Nov)
Volume 77
Supplement 2 (Nov)Supplement 1 (Sep)Issue 12 (Oct)Issue 11 (Sep)Issue 10 (Aug)Issue 9 (Jul)Issue 8 (Jul)Issue 7 (Apr)Issue 6 (Mar)Issue 5 (Feb)Issue 4 (Feb)Issue 3 (Jan)Issue 2 (Feb)

2021

Volume Advance Article
AugustJulyJuneMayAprilMarchFebruary
Volume 77
Issue 4 (Nov)Issue 3 (Dec)Issue 2 (Nov)Issue 1 (Oct)
Volume 76
Supplement 4 (Nov)Supplement 3 (Sep)Supplement 2 (Aug)Supplement 1 (Jan)Issue 12 (Sep)Issue 11 (Aug)Issue 10 (Sep)Issue 9 (Jun)Issue 8 (Jul)Issue 7 (Jun)Issue 6 (Mar)Issue 5 (Feb)Issue 4 (Jan)Issue 3 (Feb)Issue 2 (Jan)Issue 1 (Jan)

2020

Volume Advance Article
JulyMayApril
Volume 2020
JulyJuneMayAprilMarch
Volume 76
Issue 5 (Dec)Issue 4 (Dec)
Volume 75
Supplement 2 (Dec)Supplement 1 (Apr)Issue 12 (Sep)Issue 11 (Aug)Issue 10 (Oct)Issue 9 (Sep)Issue 8 (Aug)Issue 7 (Jul)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2019

Volume Advance Article
DecemberJulyJune
Volume 2019
August
Volume 75
Issue 12 (Sep)Issue 3 (Dec)
Volume 74
Supplement 5 (Nov)Supplement 4 (Aug)Supplement 3 (Apr)Supplement 2 (Mar)Supplement 1 (Jan)Issue 12 (Dec)Issue 11 (Nov)Issue 10 (Oct)Issue 9 (Sep)Issue 8 (Aug)Issue 7 (Jul)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2018

Volume Advance Article
Supplement 7 (Jul)Supplement 6 (Jun)JulyJuneMayAprilMarchIssue 8 (May)Issue 7 (Apr)Issue 6 (Mar)
Volume 73
Supplement 6 (Jun)Supplement 5 (Apr)Supplement 4 (Mar)Supplement 3 (Mar)Supplement 2 (Feb)Supplement 1 (Jan)Issue 12 (Dec)Issue 11 (Nov)Issue 10 (Oct)Issue 9 (Sep)Issue 8 (Aug)Issue 7 (Jul)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2017

Volume Advance Article
Issue 6 (Dec)
Volume 73
Issue 3 (Nov)
Volume 72
Supplement 2 (Sep)Supplement 1 (Mar)Issue 12 (Dec)Issue 11 (Nov)Issue 10 (Oct)Issue 9 (Sep)Issue 8 (Aug)Issue 7 (Jul)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2016

Volume 2016
October
Volume 71
Supplement 2 (Nov)Supplement 1 (May)Issue 12 (Dec)Issue 11 (Nov)Issue 10 (Oct)Issue 9 (Sep)Issue 8 (Aug)Issue 7 (Jul)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2015

Volume 70
Issue 12 (Dec)Issue 11 (Nov)Issue 10 (Oct)Issue 9 (Sep)Issue 8 (Apr)Issue 7 (Mar)Issue 6 (Feb)Issue 5 (Jan)Issue 4 (Jan)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2014

Volume 70
Issue 4 (Dec)Issue 2 (Oct)
Volume 69
Supplement 1 (Sep)Issue 12 (Dec)Issue 11 (Nov)Issue 10 (Oct)Issue 9 (Sep)Issue 8 (Aug)Issue 7 (Jul)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2013

Volume 68
Supplement 3 (Nov)Supplement 2 (Jul)Supplement 1 (May)Issue 12 (Dec)Issue 11 (Nov)Issue 10 (Oct)Issue 9 (Sep)Issue 8 (Aug)Issue 7 (Jul)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2012

Volume 67
Supplement 1 (Jul)Issue 12 (Dec)Issue 11 (Nov)Issue 10 (Oct)Issue 9 (Sep)Issue 8 (Aug)Issue 7 (Jul)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2011

Volume Advance Article
August
Volume 66
Supplement 6 (Dec)Supplement 5 (Jun)Supplement 4 (May)Supplement 3 (Apr)Supplement 2 (Apr)Supplement 1 (Jan)Issue 12 (Dec)Issue 11 (Nov)Issue 10 (Oct)Issue 9 (Sep)Issue 8 (Aug)Issue 7 (Jul)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2010

Volume 65
Supplement 4 (Nov)Supplement 3 (Nov)Supplement 2 (Apr)Supplement 1 (Feb)Issue 12 (Dec)Issue 11 (Nov)Issue 10 (Oct)Issue 9 (Sep)Issue 8 (Aug)Issue 7 (Jul)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2009

Volume 2009
February
Volume 64
Supplement 1 (Sep)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 63
Supplement 1 (May)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2008

Volume Advance Article
April
Volume 2008
December
Volume 62
Supplement 3 (Nov)Supplement 2 (Nov)Supplement 1 (Sep)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 61
Supplement 1 (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2007

Volume 60
Supplement 1 (Aug)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 59
Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2006

Volume Advance Article
September
Volume 2006
November
Volume 59
Issue 2 (Nov)
Volume 58
Supplement 1 (Sep)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 57
Issue 6 (Apr)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2005

Volume 56
Supplement 1 (Sep)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 55
Supplement 2 (Mar)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2004

Volume Advance Article
September
Volume 2004
September
Volume 54
Supplement 1 (Aug)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 53
Supplement 2 (May)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2003

Volume Advance Article
OctoberSeptember
Volume 2003
JuneMarch
Volume 52
Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 51
Supplement 3 (Jun)Supplement 2 (May)Supplement 1 (May)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2002

Volume Advance Article
NovemberSeptember
Volume 2002
OctoberApril
Volume 50
Supplement 3 (Dec)Supplement 2 (Sep)Supplement 1 (Jul)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 49
Supplement 1 (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2001

Volume Advance Article
December
Volume 2001
July
Volume 48
Supplement 2 (Sep)Supplement 1 (Jul)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 47
Supplement 2 (May)Supplement 1 (Feb)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

2000

Volume Advance Article
March
Volume 46
Supplement 3 (Jul)Supplement 2 (Aug)Supplement 1 (Aug)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 45
Supplement 4 (Apr)Supplement 3 (Apr)Supplement 2 (Mar)Supplement 1 (Feb)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1999

Volume 44
Supplement 2 (Nov)Supplement 1 (Sep)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Jan)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 43
Supplement 3 (Jun)Supplement 2 (May)Supplement 1 (Mar)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1998

Volume 42
Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 41
Supplement 4 (Jun)Supplement 3 (May)Supplement 2 (Mar)Supplement 1 (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1997

Volume 40
Supplement 2 (Dec)Supplement 1 (Dec)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 39
Supplement 2 (Jun)Supplement 1 (May)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1996

Volume 38
Supplement A (Jul)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 37
Supplement C (Jun)Supplement B (May)Supplement A (May)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1995

Volume 36
Supplement B (Oct)Supplement A (Jul)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 35
Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1994

Volume 34
Supplement A (Aug)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 33
Supplement A (May)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1993

Volume 32
Supplement B (Nov)Supplement A (Jul)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 31
Supplement E (Jan)Supplement D (Jan)Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1992

Volume 30
Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 29
Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1991

Volume 28
Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 27
Supplement D (Jan)Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1990

Volume 26
Supplement F (Jan)Supplement E (Jan)Supplement D (Jan)Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 25
Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1989

Volume 24
Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 23
Supplement E (Jan)Supplement D (Jan)Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1988

Volume 22
Supplement D (Oct)Supplement C (Jul)Supplement B (Jul)Supplement A (Jul)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 21
Supplement D (Jan)Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1987

Volume 20
Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 19
Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1986

Volume 18
Supplement E (Jul)Supplement D (Nov)Supplement C (Oct)Supplement B (Oct)Supplement A (Jul)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 17
Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)
Volume 16
Issue 6 (Dec)

1985

Volume 16
Supplement A (Jan)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 15
Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1984

Volume 14
Supplement D (Jan)Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 13
Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1983

Volume 12
Supplement D (Jan)Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 11
Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1982

Volume 10
Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 4 (Oct)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 9
Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1981

Volume 8
Supplement D (Jan)Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Dec)Issue 5 (Nov)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Aug)Issue 1 (Jul)
Volume 7
Issue 6 (Jun)Issue 5 (May)Issue 4 (Apr)Issue 3 (Mar)Issue 2 (Feb)Issue 1 (Jan)

1980

Volume 6
Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Nov)Issue 5 (Sep)Issue 4 (Jul)Issue 3 (May)Issue 2 (Mar)Issue 1 (Jan)

1979

Volume 5
Supplement B (Nov)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Nov)Issue 5 (Sep)Issue 4 (Jul)Issue 3 (May)Issue 2 (Mar)Issue 1 (Jan)

1978

Volume 4
Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Nov)Issue 5 (Sep)Issue 4 (Jul)Issue 3 (May)Issue 2 (Mar)Issue 1 (Jan)

1977

Volume 3
Supplement C (Jan)Supplement B (Jan)Supplement A (Jan)Issue 6 (Nov)Issue 5 (Sep)Issue 4 (Jul)Issue 3 (May)Issue 2 (Mar)Issue 1 (Jan)

1976

Volume 2
Issue 4 (Dec)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Jun)Issue 1 (Mar)

1975

Volume 1
Supplement 4 (Dec)Supplement 3 (Sep)Issue 4 (Dec)Issue 3 (Sep)Issue 2 (Jun)Issue 1 (Mar)

0031

Volume 0031
December

0024

Volume Advance Article
May

0018

Volume 0018
January

0016

Volume 0016
January
journal article
LitStream Collection
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Canadian patients: the SAVE study, 2011–2020

Alford, Morgan A; Karlowsky, James A; Adam, Heather J; Baxter, Melanie R; Schellenberg, John; Golden, Alyssa R; Martin, Irene; Demczuk, Walter; Mulvey, Michael R; Zhanel, George G

2023 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

doi: 10.1093/jac/dkad065pmid: 37130584

ObjectivesTo assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of 14 138 invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected in Canada from 2011 to 2020.MethodsAntimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the CLSI M07 broth microdilution reference method. MICs were interpreted using 2022 CLSI M100 breakpoints.ResultsIn 2020, 90.1% and 98.6% of invasive pneumococci were penicillin-susceptible when MICs were interpreted using CLSI meningitis or oral and non-meningitis breakpoints, respectively; 96.9% (meningitis breakpoint) and 99.5% (non-meningitis breakpoint) of isolates were ceftriaxone-susceptible, and 99.9% were levofloxacin-susceptible. Numerically small, non-temporal, but statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the annual percentage of isolates susceptible to four of the 13 agents tested was observed across the 10-year study: chloramphenicol (4.4% difference), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (3.9%), penicillin (non-meningitis breakpoint, 2.7%) and ceftriaxone (meningitis breakpoint, 2.7%; non-meningitis breakpoint, 1.2%). During the same period, annual differences in percent susceptible values for penicillin (meningitis and oral breakpoints) and all other agents did not achieve statistical significance. The percentage of isolates with an MDR phenotype (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) in 2011 and 2020 (8.5% and 9.4%) was not significantly different (P = 0.109), although there was a significant interim decrease observed between 2011 and 2015 (P < 0.001) followed by a significant increase between 2016 and 2020 (P < 0.001). Statistically significant associations were observed between resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents included in the MDR analysis (penicillin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol) and patient age, specimen source, geographic location in Canada or concurrent resistance to penicillin or clarithromycin, but not biological sex of patients. Given the large isolate collection studied, statistical significance did not necessarily imply clinical or public health significance in some analyses.ConclusionsInvasive pneumococcal isolates collected in Canada from 2011 to 2020 generally exhibited consistent in vitro susceptibility to commonly tested antimicrobial agents.
journal article
LitStream Collection
Preface

Tsakris, Athanasios; Hurley, James; Johnson, Alan; Lewis, Russell

2023 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

doi: 10.1093/jac/dkad084

journal article
LitStream Collection
Comparison of PCV10, PCV13, PCV15, PCV20 and PPSV23 vaccine coverage of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate serotypes in Canada: the SAVE study, 2011–20

Schellenberg, John J; Adam, Heather J; Baxter, Melanie R; Karlowsky, James A; Golden, Alyssa R; Martin, Irene; Demczuk, Walter; Mulvey, Michael R; Zhanel, George G

2023 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

doi: 10.1093/jac/dkad068pmid: 37130588

BackgroundAs pneumococci evolve under vaccine, antimicrobial and other selective pressures, it is important to track isolates covered by established (PCV10, PCV13 and PPSV23) and new (PCV15 and PCV20) vaccine formulations.ObjectivesTo compare invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) isolates from serotypes covered by PCV10, PCV13, PCV15, PCV20 and PPSV23, collected in Canada from 2011 to 2020, by demographic category and antimicrobial resistance phenotype.MethodsIPD isolates from the SAVE study were initially collected by members of the Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network (CPHLN) as part of a collaboration between the Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA) and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). Serotypes were determined by quellung reaction, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the CLSI broth microdilution method.ResultsA total of 14 138 invasive isolates were collected from 2011 to 2020, with 30.7% of isolates covered by the PCV13 vaccine, 43.6% of isolates covered by the PCV15 vaccine (including 12.9% non-PCV13 serotypes 22F and 33F), and 62.6% of isolates covered by the PCV20 vaccine (including 19.0% non-PCV15 serotypes 8, 10A, 11A, 12F and 15B/C). Non-PCV20 serotypes 2, 9N, 17F and 20, but not 6A (present in PPSV23) represented 8.8% of all IPD isolates. Higher-valency vaccine formulations covered significantly more isolates by age, sex, region and resistance phenotype including MDR isolates. Coverage of XDR isolates did not significantly differ between vaccine formulations.ConclusionsWhen compared with PCV13 and PCV15, PCV20 covered significantly more IPD isolates stratified by patient age, region, sex, individual antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and MDR phenotype.
journal article
LitStream Collection
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility: assessment for vaccine efficacy in Canada after the introduction of PCV13

Zhanel, George G; Lynch, Joseph P; Adam, Heather J

2023 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

doi: 10.1093/jac/dkad064pmid: 37130585

BackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae continues to be an important bacterial pathogen associated with invasive (e.g. bacteraemia, meningitis) and non-invasive (e.g. community-acquired respiratory tract) infections worldwide. Surveillance studies conducted nationally and globally assist in determining trends over geographical areas and allow comparisons between countries.ObjectivesTo characterize invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae in terms of their serotype, antimicrobial resistance, genotype and virulence and to use the serotype data to determine the level of coverage by different generations of pneumococcal vaccines.MethodsSAVE (Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility: Assessment for Vaccine Efficacy in Canada) is an ongoing, annual, national collaborative study between the Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARE) and the National Microbiology Laboratory, focused on characterizing invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae obtained across Canada. Clinical isolates from normally sterile sites were forwarded by participating hospital public health laboratories to the Public Health Agency of Canada—National Microbiology Laboratory and CARE for centralized phenotypic and genotypic investigation.ResultsThe four articles in this Supplement provide a comprehensive examination of the changing patterns of antimicrobial resistance and MDR, serotype distribution, genotypic relatedness and virulence of invasive S. pneumoniae obtained across Canada over a 10 year period (2011–2020).ConclusionsThe data highlight the evolution of S. pneumoniae under pressure by vaccination and antimicrobial usage, as well as vaccine coverage, allowing both clinicians and researchers nationally and globally to view the current status of invasive pneumococcal infections in Canada.
journal article
LitStream Collection
Analysis of MDR in the predominant Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Canada: the SAVE study, 2011–2020

Adam, Heather J; Karlowsky, James A; Baxter, Melanie R; Schellenberg, John; Golden, Alyssa R; Martin, Irene; Demczuk, Walter; Mulvey, Michael R; Zhanel, George G

2023 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

doi: 10.1093/jac/dkad066pmid: 37130586

ObjectivesTo investigate the levels of MDR in the predominant serotypes of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in Canada over a 10 year period.MethodsAll isolates were serotyped and had antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed, in accordance with CLSI guidelines (M07-11 Ed., 2018). Complete susceptibility profiles were available for 13 712 isolates. MDR was defined as resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents (penicillin MIC ≥2 mg/L defined as resistant). Serotypes were determined by Quellung reaction.ResultsIn total, 14 138 invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae were tested in the SAVE study (S. pneumoniae Serotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility: Assessment for Vaccine Efficacy in Canada), a collaboration between the Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance and Public Health Agency of Canada—National Microbiology Laboratory. The rate of MDR S. pneumoniae in SAVE was 6.6% (902/13 712). Annual rates of MDR S. pneumoniae decreased between 2011 and 2015 (8.5% to 5.7%) and increased between 2016 and 2020 (3.9% to 9.4%). Serotypes 19A and 15A were the most common serotypes demonstrating MDR (25.4% and 23.5% of the MDR isolates, respectively); however, the serotype diversity index increased from 0.7 in 2011 to 0.9 in 2020 with a statistically significant linear increasing trend (P < 0.001). In 2020, MDR isolates were frequently serotypes 4 and 12F in addition to serotypes 15A and 19A. In 2020, 27.3%, 45.5%, 50.5%, 65.7% and 68.7% of invasive MDR S. pneumoniae were serotypes included in the PCV10, PCV13, PCV15, PCV20 and PPSV23 vaccines, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough current vaccine coverage of MDR S. pneumoniae in Canada is high, the increasing diversity of serotypes observed among the MDR isolates highlights the ability of S. pneumoniae to rapidly evolve.
journal article
LitStream Collection
Genomic investigation of the most common Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes causing invasive infections in Canada: the SAVE study, 2011–2020

Golden, Alyssa R; Adam, Heather J; Karlowsky, James A; Baxter, Melanie; Schellenberg, John; Martin, Irene; Demczuk, Walter; Minion, Jessica; Van Caeseele, Paul; Kus, Julianne V; McGeer, Allison; Lefebvre, Brigitte; Smadi, Hanan; Haldane, David; Yu, Yang; Mead, Kristen; Mulvey, Michael R; Zhanel, George G

2023 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

doi: 10.1093/jac/dkad067pmid: 37130587

ObjectivesTo investigate the lineages and genomic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants of the 10 most common pneumococcal serotypes identified in Canada during the five most recent years of the SAVE study, in the context of the 10-year post-PCV13 period in Canada.MethodsThe 10 most common invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes collected by the SAVE study from 2016 to 2020 were 3, 22F, 9N, 8, 4, 12F, 19A, 33F, 23A and 15A. A random sample comprising ∼5% of each of these serotypes collected during each year of the full SAVE study (2011–2020) were selected for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina NextSeq platform. Phylogenomic analysis was performed using the SNVPhyl pipeline. WGS data were used to identify virulence genes of interest, sequence types, global pneumococcal sequence clusters (GPSC) and AMR determinants.ResultsOf the 10 serotypes analysed in this study, six increased significantly in prevalence from 2011 to 2020: 3, 4, 8, 9N, 23A and 33F (P ≤ 0.0201). Serotypes 12F and 15A remained stable in prevalence over time, while serotype 19A decreased in prevalence (P < 0.0001). The investigated serotypes represented four of the most prevalent international lineages causing non-vaccine serotype pneumococcal disease in the PCV13 era: GPSC3 (serotypes 8/33F), GPSC19 (22F), GPSC5 (23A) and GPSC26 (12F). Of these lineages, GPSC5 isolates were found to consistently possess the most AMR determinants. Commonly collected vaccine serotypes 3 and 4 were associated with GPSC12 and GPSC27, respectively. However, a more recently collected lineage of serotype 4 (GPSC192) was highly clonal and possessed AMR determinants.ConclusionsContinued genomic surveillance of S. pneumoniae in Canada is essential to monitor for the appearance of new and evolving lineages, including antimicrobial-resistant GPSC5 and GPSC162.
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