Archives of Virology

Shan, Lingling; Fu, Fang; Xue, Mei; Zhu, Xiangdong; Li, Liang; Feng, Li; Liu, Pinghuang

doi: 10.1007/s00705-019-04362-2pmid: 31385116

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is best known for its ability to regulate host immune responses; however, its direct antiviral activity is less well studied. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is an economically important swine enteric coronavirus and causes acute diarrhea in piglets. At present, little is known about the function of IFN-γ in the control of TGEV infection. In this study, we demonstrated that IFN-γ inhibited TGEV infection directly in ST cells and intestine epithelial IPEC-J2 cells and that the anti-TGEV activity of IFN-γ was independent of IFN-α/β. Moreover, IFN-γ suppressed TGEV infection in ST cells more efficiently than did IFN-α, and the combination of IFN-γ and IFN-α displayed a synergistic effect against TGEV. Mechanistically, using overexpression and functional knockdown experiments, we demonstrated that porcine interferon regulatory factor 1 (poIRF1) elicited by IFN-γ primarily mediated IFN-γ signaling cascades and the inhibition of TGEV infection by IFN-γ. Importantly, we found that TGEV elevated the expression of poIRF1 and IFN-γ in infected small intestines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thus, IFN-γ plays a crucial role in curtailing enteric coronavirus infection and may serve as an effective prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent against TGEV infection.

Castells, Matías; Giannitti, Federico; Caffarena, Rubén Darío; Casaux, María Laura; Schild, Carlos; Castells, Daniel; Riet-Correa, Franklin; Victoria, Matías; Parreño, Viviana; Colina, Rodney

doi: 10.1007/s00705-019-04384-w

Zhang, Xun; Li, Yan; Xiao, Shengzhong; Yang, Xia; Chen, Xinkai; Wu, Peng; Song, Jiawei; Ma, Zhenguo; Cai, Zhuoxuan; Jiang, Mengmeng; Zhang, Yanhong; Yang, Yan; Zhang, Zhe; Zhou, Ziheng; Sheng, Jinliang; Wang, Heng

Zhang, Qian; Niu, Jiangting; Yi, Shushuai; Dong, Guoying; Yu, Dejing; Guo, Yanbing; Huang, Hailong; Hu, Guixue

doi: 10.1007/s00705-019-04394-8pmid: 31506786

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay was developed to detect and distinguish feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline bocavirus (FBoV) and feline astrovirus (FeAstV). Three pairs of primers were designed based on conserved regions in the genomic sequences of the three viruses and were used to specifically amplify targeted fragments of 237 bp from the VP2 gene of FPV, 465 bp from the NP1 gene of FBoV and 645 bp from the RdRp gene of FeAstV. The results showed that this mPCR assay was effective, because it could detect at least 2.25-4.04 × 104 copies of genomic DNA of the three viruses per μl, was highly specific, and had a good broad-spectrum ability to detect different genotypes of the targeted viruses. A total of 197 faecal samples that had been screened previously for FeAstV and FBoV were collected from domestic cats in northeast China and were tested for the three viruses using the newly developed mPCR assay. The total positive rate for these three viruses was 59.89% (118/197). From these samples, DNA from FPV, FBoV and FeAstV was detected in 73, 51 and 46 faecal samples, respectively. The mPCR testing results agreed with the routine PCR results with a coincidence rate of 100%. The results of this study show that this mPCR assay can simultaneously detect and differentiate FPV, FBoV and FeAstV and can be used as an easy, specific and efficient detection tool for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of these three viruses.

Huguet, Miguel;Novo, Sabrina Galdo;Bratanich, Ana

doi: 10.1007/s00705-019-04363-1pmid: 31392428

Abstract Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), genus Lentivirus, is responsible for feline immunodeficiency syndrome in domestic cats. FIV has been classified into six subtypes: A, B, C, D, E and F, based on regions of the env gene as well as the gag gene. In Argentina, the circulation of subtypes B and E was reported more than two decades ago. The objective of this work was to study the FIV variants circulating presently in the city of Buenos Aires in naturally infected cats utilizing a nested PCR targeting the gag gene. A phylogenetic comparison with representative sequences of five previously published subtypes shows a clustering with subtypes A and B. This is the first report of FIV subtype A in Argentina.

Pichon, Maxime; Labois, Clément; Tardy-Guidollet, Véronique; Mallet, Delphine; Casalegno, Jean-Sébastien; Billaud, Geneviève; Lina, Bruno; Gaucherand, Pascal; Mekki, Yahia

doi: 10.1007/s00705-019-04368-wpmid: 31401693

Ma, Jie; Li, Sanjing; Yang, Yuejie; Wang, Qiong; Huo, Yuqi

doi: 10.1007/s00705-019-04388-6pmid: 31471723

Rabies remains a public health threat in China, and most transmissions are dog-mediated. In this study, we studied 31 clinically diagnosed human rabies patients that had been scratched or bitten by dogs. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and nested RT-PCR were performed on saliva samples or cerebrospinal fluid, and samples from 28 patients tested positive for rabies virus. A total of one near-complete genome sequence, 15 complete glycoprotein (G) gene sequences, and five partial G gene sequences were determined. Phylogenetic analysis was performed, based on complete G gene sequences, using the maximum-likelihood method. The results indicated that the isolates belonged to the lyssavirus genotype I lineage and China I lineage. The Chinese rabies virus can be divided into six major lineages. The China I lineage was the dominant clade and could be divided into four subclades. Isolates 17HN19, 17HN75, and 18HN162 fell within clade IC subgroup, and the other isolates were assigned to the clade IA subgroup. This study provides epidemiological and genetic information on rabies incidence in humans.