Archives of Virology

Albrecht, Paul; Schumacher, Heinz P.

doi: 10.1007/bf01250292pmid: 4622263

SummarySix measles virus strains possessing different pathogenic properties for man and/or small laboratory animals were examined for stability to heating at 45°C, inactivation after irradiation with ultra-violet (UV) light, susceptibility to freezing and thawing, and inhibition of infectivity by absorption with brain tissue. The viruses included the Edmonston cell culture-adapted strain, the Edmonston B and Schwarz attenuated vaccine strains, a neurotropic hamster brain-adapted strain, and 2 strains isolated from the brains of 2 cases of subacute sclerosing panencepahlitis (SSPE).Neurotropism of a strain was characteristically associated with increased sensitivity to heating and resistance to freeze-thaw damage. The highly neurotropic hamster brain-adapted strain was significantly more stable to UV irradiation and its infectivity was sharply reduced by adsorption with brain extracts.The persistence of the physical markers was largely dependent on the degree of cell culture adaptation.The Schwarz attenuated strain possessed markers which distinguished it both from strain Edmonston B and the other measles virus strains.

Shimizu, Yoshinobu; Yamamoto, Shinichi; Homma, Morio; Ishida, Nakao

doi: 10.1007/bf01250299pmid: 4335025

SummaryThe effect of chloroquine diphosphate on the growth of polio type 1, influenza, Newcastle disease, Sendai, vesicular stomatitis and vaccinia viruses was studied. Host dependency of the antiviral effect of chloroquine on Newcastle disease and Sendai viruses was shown using HeLa S 3 cells and primary chick embryo fibroblast cells.The antiviral effect of chloroquine was extensively studied in chick embryo cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. Chloroquine at a concentration of 12.5 μg per ml markedly reduced the virus yield. The drug did not affect the adsorption of vesicular stomatitis virus to chick embryo cells. No evidence for inhibition of the virus uncoating process by the drug was obtained in our present system. The addition of chloroquine at various times after the latent period induced immediate inhibition of the synthesis of progeny virus. Chloroquine inhibited selectively the synthesis of viral RNA without affecting that of cellular RNA or the synthesis of viral antigens.

O'brien, Thomas C.; Taurkaso, Nicola M.

doi: 10.1007/bf01250306pmid: 4622262

SummaryThe optimum temperature and time of incubation of the vaccinia hemagglutination-inhibition test were 37°C and 16 hours, respectively. A convenient method for preparing vaccinia hemagglutinating antigen consisted of infecting one-day-old primary chick embryo fibroblasts with a high multiplicity of vaccinia virus, employing a maintenance medium devoid of serum, preparing a 20-fold concentration of virus-infected cells, and finally extracting the concentrated antigen homogenate with genetron.