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We performed a phase 1–2 antiviral dose escalation trial of rifabutin, a rifamycin antibiotic with anti-HIV-1 activity
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A patient with AIDS developed subcutaneous nodules and associated osteolytic lesions with negative stains and cultures for bacteria, fungi and parasites. Flucloxacillin was not effective but treatment with vancomycin was associated with improvement. Six months later the patient became severely ill, with fever, malaise and multiple skin and laryngeal papules. Cat-scratch disease was diagnosed from the typical epithelioid angiomatosis seen in skin biopsies with bacterium-like structures in the Warthin–Starry Stain. Retrospectively these typical structures were also seen in earlier biopsies. All lesions improved after therapy with erythromycin had been instituted.
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Infection by molecularly cloned HIV-1, in the presence of a high-titre neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb), resulted in the selection of plaques in MT4 cells releasing HIV resistant to neutralization by the same MAb. The epitope recognized by the MAb was mapped to the V
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The efficacy of zidovudine (AZT) for treatment of patients with Kaposi's sarcoma as the initial manifestation of AIDS was determined in a non-randomized, phase-II clinical trial. Twenty-two patients were treated with zidovudine (300mg 4 times daily for 8 weeks). In patients with stable disease or showing a response, treatment was continued. After 12 weeks the total daily dose was changed to 1000mg. Only two of all 22 evaluable patients achieved a response (one complete and one partial response), of only brief duration (2 and 4 months, respectively). There was no such association between antiretroviral activity, increase in CD4+ cells and tumour response, as was reported during treatment with human recombinant interferon alpha (IFN-α). These findings do not support the use of zidovudine as a first-line treatment for patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
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Alpha-2a-recombinant interferon (Roferon A) was given subcutaneously in a dose of 3 mega units twice weekly for 15–18 months to 14 HIV-antibody-positive, p24-antigen-negative men with minimal HIV-related disease. Interferon was well-tolerated and safe. Although there was either improvement or lack of deterioration initially in 22 out of 26 HIV disease markers, including lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenic purpura and nail fungal infection, there were 11 instances of HIV disease indicators appearing during the study. At 15 months, six patients were withdrawn from the study because of clinical and immunological deterioration.
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Experimental evidence has demonstrated that monoclonal antibody (MAb) 13B8.2, a workshop-qualified anti-CD4 MAb, (1) inhibits
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Four juvenile rhesus macaques were infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
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