Biomedical Chromatography

Dawoud, Turki; Ameen, Fuad

doi: 10.1002/bmc.5739pmid: 37674346

In various countries, Pimpinella has been used to cure several diseases for centuries. Therefore, we focus on one of its potent species in this research. The aim of this experimental study was to document the various extracts derived from Pimpinella anisum that can effectively eradicate oral pathogens. In addition, the presence of antioxidants, antimicrobials, and cytotoxicity was determined using chromatographic testing methods. The alkaloid range was from 22.34 ± 043 mg/g, and the saponin range was from 15.1 ± 1.07 mg/g. HPLC analysis showed that the samples contained eight identified phenolic compounds. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract exhibited the highest inhibition region against Streptococcus iniae (43 ± 0.6 mm) and the lowest inhibition region against Staphylococcus haemolyticus (19 ± 0.2 mm) in 200 mg/mL of leaf ethanolic extracts. The antifungal activity revealed that ethanol showed the maximum inhibition zone against Aspergillus luchuensis (42.5 ± 0.19 mm) and the minimum inhibition zone against Aspergillus kawachii (15 ± 0.13 mm) in 200 mg/mL. The current study suggested that, after the isolation of individual components, P. anisum be investigated for assessing biological activity. The mixture and various combinations of these compounds may indicate a truly potent agent that is novel in its ability to combat a wide range of bacteria and oral pathogens.

Mahmod, Ilya Iryani; Ismail, Intan Safinar; Normi, Yahaya M.; Chong, Siok‐Geok

doi: 10.1002/bmc.5750pmid: 37778127

Cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity has been widely reported in numerous studies. The objective of this study is to assess the potential nephroprotective effects of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau (Acanthaceae) leaf extracts on human kidney cells (PCS‐400‐010) in vitro using an LCMS‐based metabolomics approach. Orthogonal partial least square‐discriminant analysis identified 16 significantly altered metabolites when comparing the control and pre‐treated C. nutans cisplatin‐induced groups. These metabolites were found to be associated with glycerophospholipid, purine, and amino acid metabolism, as well as the glycolysis pathway. Pre‐treatment with C. nutans aqueous extract (125 μg/mL) for 24 h, followed by 48 h of cisplatin induction in PCS‐400‐010 cells, demonstrated a nephroprotective effect, particularly involving the regulation of amino acid metabolism.

Yu, Wentao; Luo, Man; Wu, Huan; Li, Junmao; Yang, Shilin; Zhang, Wugang; Yao, Min; Feng, Yunlin

doi: 10.1002/bmc.5752pmid: 37753581

Huaganjian decoction (HGJD) has been widely used clinically to treat liver injuries and gastritis. However, the quality evaluation system for HGJD is not perfect. In this study, paeoniflorin, hesperidin, geniposide, naringin, and quercetin were employed as quality markers. The quantitative analysis of these five components in HGJD was conducted using a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method. This method underwent validation for linearity, precision, accuracy, repeatability, and recovery. In summary, a reliable quantitative method was successfully employed to establish a comprehensive quality evaluation of HGJD.

Yang, Ying; Shen, Lisha; Wang, Ping; Tao, Yi

doi: 10.1002/bmc.5742pmid: 37674471

Achyranthes bidentata has been found to possess beneficial effects against osteoporosis, but there is still a lack of comprehensive studies on its anti‐osteoporotic compounds. Therefore, in this study, we established a zebrafish osteoporosis model to evaluate the anti‐osteoporotic effect of different fractions of raw and salt‐processed A. bidentata. Among these fractions, the dichloromethane fraction showed the most promising anti‐osteoporotic effect. To further investigate the active compounds responsible for the anti‐osteoporosis effects, we prepared and analyzed the dichloromethane fraction of 10 batches of raw and salt‐processed A. bidentata using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. As a result, we tentatively identified 19 compounds, including 11 saponins, three phenolic amides, three unsaturated fatty acids and two other compounds. To further narrow down the potential active compounds, we employed both orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and gray relationship analysis. Through these analyses, we were able to identify eight compounds that showed a high correlation with the anti‐osteoporosis effects of the dichloromethane fraction. Furthermore, we validated the anti‐osteoporotic effects of β‐ecdysterone, wogonin, ginsenoside Ro, oleanolic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid using the zebrafish model. These compounds demonstrated significant anti‐osteoporotic effects, further supporting their potential as active compounds in A. bidentata.

González‐López, Nicolás Mateo; Guerra‐Acero‐Turizo, Luisa María; Blanco‐Medina, Isabella; Barragán‐Cárdenas, Andrea Carolina; Ramírez‐Celis, David Augusto; Martínez‐Ramírez, Jorge Ariel; Fierro‐Medina, Ricardo; García‐Castañeda, Javier Eduardo; Rivera‐Monroy, Zuly Jenny

Dong, Fengyu; Xie, Mengdi; Xu, Manwen; Lu, Lu; Miao, Yan; Zhang, Panpan; Li, Xiaopeng; Gui, Xinjing; Liu, Ruixin

doi: 10.1002/bmc.5745pmid: 37736670

Dispensing granules of Chinese medicine (DGCM) have emerged as a more convenient alternative to traditional decoction (TD) of Chinese medicine, gaining popularity in recent years. However, the debate surrounding the consistency of DGCM compared to TD remains unresolved. In this study, three batches of Baishao and Gancao DGCM were obtained from manufacturers A, B, and C, and 15 batches of crude drugs were procured from hospital pharmacies for the preparation of dispensing granule decoction (DGD) and TD of Shaoyao‐Gancao decoction (SGD). The HPLC‐UV method was employed to determine the levels of gallic acid, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, and isoliquiritigenin. The analgesic and antispasmodic effects were assessed using the hot plate and acetic acid writhing test in mice. To evaluate the consistency of chemical constituents and pharmacological effects between the two decoctions, the Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method combined with chemometrics was employed. Grey relation analysis (GRA) was used to assess the comprehensive quality consistency of the two decoctions. The CRITIC results revealed certain differences in chemical constituents and pharmacological effects between the selected DGCM and TD. Notably, DGD‐A/C exhibited a significant difference from TD (p > 0.05), whereas DGD‐B demonstrated no significant difference from TD (p > 0.05). The GRA analysis demonstrated that the overall quality consistency between DGD‐B and TD was the highest among the three manufacturers. This study presents a method for evaluating the quality consistency of DGCM and TD of SGD, offering novel insights into the evaluation of consistency between DGCM and TD.

Lai, Xinxin; Liu, Jinhai; Li, Wenyuan; Qiao, Min; Qiu, Mingheng; Lu, Lingpan

doi: 10.1002/bmc.5737pmid: 37651996

Remibrutinib is a potent and highly selective covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is undergoing clinical development for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro metabolism of remibrutinib and to propose its biotransformation pathways. The metabolites were generated by incubating remibrutinib (2 μm) with human and rat liver microsomes at 37°C for 30 min. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with benchtop orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry was used to identify and characterize the metabolites of remibrutinib. Compound Discoverer software was employed to process the acquired data. In rat liver microsomes, a total of 18 metabolites have been identified and characterized among which three (M8, M12 and M13) were identified as the most abundant metabolites. In human liver microsomes, a total of 16 metabolites have been identified, and M8 and M12 were identified as the predominant metabolites. All the metabolites were nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependent. The major metabolic changes were found to be oxygenation, dealkylation, demethylation, epoxidation and hydrolysis. The present study comprehensively reports the in vitro metabolism of remibrutinib mentioning 20 metabolites. These findings will help investigation of remibrutinib disposition and safety evaluation.

Wang, Shuai; Yang, Xin Xin; Li, Tian Jiao; Tian, Xiang Mu; Wang, Ying Li; Bai, Gang; Bao, Yong Rui; Meng, Xian Sheng

doi: 10.1002/bmc.5740pmid: 37670539

Bufei Jianpi granule (BJG) is clinically effective for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). At present, there is no report regarding the drug metabolism of BJG in vivo. This work developed an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method with high accuracy and sensitivity to determine drug metabolism of this compound in vivo. After continuous administration of BJG, the concentrations of 10 components in rat plasma, namely betaine, peimine, peiminine, astragaloside A, sinensetin, nobiletin, naringin, calycosin, formononetin, and magnolol, were determined at different time points. Meanwhile, the pharmacokinetic parameters and metabolic rules of these 10 components were evaluated: Cmax, 8.624–574.645 ng/mL; Tmax, 0.250–8.667 h; AUC0–t, 17.640–8947.393 ng h/mL; T1/2, 3.405–66.014 h; mean residence time (MRT), 6.893–11.223 h. All these components possessed anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and other biological activities to varying degrees, contributing to improving lung function, mitigating pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis, and preventing and treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exploring the pharmacokinetic parameters and the laws of chemical components in BJG forms the scientific basis for applying the compound clinically and identifying quality markers for the control of the compound.

Hassan, Mohammed H.; Galal, Omyma; Sakhr, Hala M.; Kamaleldeen, Eman B.; Zekry, Nadia Farouk; Fateen, Ekram; Toghan, Rana

doi: 10.1002/bmc.5747pmid: 37728037

Fifty diabetic nephropathy (DN) children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 50 healthy matched controls were included. Chromatographic assays of 14 amino acids, free carnitine and 27 carnitine esters using high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–mass spectroscopy, and genetic testing for JAK2v617f mutation using real‐time PCR were performed. Patients had significantly lower levels of tyrosine, branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), and BCAA/AAA (aromatic chain amino acids) ratios, glycine, arginine, ornithine, free carnitine and some carnitine esters (C5, 6, 12 and 16) and higher phenylalanine, phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio and C18 compared with the controls and in the macro‐albuminuria vs. the microalbuminuria group (p < 0.05 for all) except for free carnitine. Plasma carnitine was negatively correlated with eGFR (r = −0.488, p = 0.000). There were significant positive correlations between tyrosine with UACR ratio (r = 0.296, p = 0.037). The plasma BCAA/AAA ratio showed significant negative correlations with UACR (r = −0.484, p = 0.000). There was a significantly higher frequency of the JAK2V617F gene mutation in diabetic nephropathy patients compared with the control group and in macro‐albuminuria than the microalbuminuria group (p = 0.000) for both. When monitoring children with T1DM, plasma free amino acids and acylcarnitine profiles should be considered, especially if they have tested positive for JAK2V617F for the early diagnosis of DN.

doi: 10.1002/bmc.5407pmid: N/A