Journal of Materials Science

Liu, Zhihao; Zheng, Xiangyu; Zhang, Haiwei; Li, Wenyao; Jiang, Rijia; Zhou, Xing

doi: 10.1007/s10853-022-07791-8pmid: N/A

With the development of society, industry, agriculture, and other production activities are changing with each passing day. The primary mode of transportation in international trade is by ship. Due to the complex environment and biodiversity of the sea, ship surfaces are often corroded due to microorganisms, algae, shellfish, and other factors. The hydraulic conditions during the operation of the ship are also affected, increasing energy consumption. Thus, ships need to stop regularly for surface cleaning to prevent greater losses, but there are economic losses and human and material resource consumption that occur during these shutdown periods. To better solve the problem of corrosion, ship surfaces can be treated by antifouling coatings. This review discusses current popular and new marine antifouling coatings from the aspects of biofouling: microbial biofouling, conditioned film biofouling, algae attachment biofouling, shellfish attachment biofouling, and marine environmental impacts. This review also discusses the characteristics, formation mechanisms, and preparation processes of nanocomposite coatings, amphiphilic antifouling coatings, photocatalytic coatings, self-healing antifouling coatings, and self-polishing coatings. The new marine antifouling coatings are compared with traditional coatings in terms of hydraulic properties, such as water contact angle and antifouling performance.

Jiao, Zhengguo; Ma, Mingliang; Bi, Yuxin; Lu, Chenggang; Feng, Chao; Lyu, Ping; Zhao, Jindi; Ma, Yong

doi: 10.1007/s10853-022-07803-7pmid: N/A

With the development of information technology, the problem of electromagnetic pollution was increasingly prominent. At present, it had brought serious harm to electronic equipment and biology. Microwave absorption (MA) materials were the key to solve this problem. One-dimensional (1D) carbon-based magnetic composites were prepared by compounding with carbon materials, which improved the deficiency of ferromagnetic MA materials. In this review, the unique advantages of 1D carbon-based magnetic composites were discussed in detail. Firstly, the preparation methods of carbon fibers with different structures were reviewed, including the important roles of these structures in MA. After that, the properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) combined with different magnetic materials were introduced. The biomass-derived 1D carbon materials possessed the unique structure, which was obtained difficultly by artificial ways. Their advantages and current progress for MA were analyzed in detail. Finally, according to the current development of MA materials, the challenges and research prospects of 1D carbon-based magnetic composites were discussed, and some suggestions were proposed as well.

Lin, Yang-Peng; Xia, Bing; Hu, Sanlue; Liu, Zhen; Huang, Xiao-Ying; Xiao, Zewen; Du, Ke-Zhao

doi: 10.1007/s10853-022-07745-0pmid: N/A

Elemental chlorine plays an irreplaceable role in many fields such as scientific study and the chemical industry. However, the highly toxic, corrosive, and volatile characteristics of Cl2 increase the risks of leakage or explosion in chlorine storage and transportation. Using bulk materials to solidify Cl2 is conduce to release chlorine gas on-demand securely. Herein, several vacancy-ordered chloride perovskites (i.e., Cs2PbCl6, Rb2PbCl6, (NH4)2PbCl6, and Cs4Sb2Cl12) for elemental chlorine solidification were synthesized by a Cl2-free solvothermal method. The experimental and theoretical results indicate that the release–storage of Cl2 gas depends on the reversible redox between metal cations and chloridion. Both thermal heating and solvent soaking could trigger the release of Cl2 in perovskites. The stability and Cl2 storage performance (from 5.9 wt % to 16 wt %) of vacancy-ordered chloride perovskites can be tuned by composition engineering. Compared with the porous adsorption materials, Cs2PbCl6 has the highest reversible storage capacity of Cl2.Graphical Abstract[graphic not available: see fulltext]

Goyat, M. S.; Sharma, Saksham; Das, Subhankar; Tewari, B. S.; Kumar, Mukesh; Gupta, Tejendra K.; Pant, Charu

doi: 10.1007/s10853-022-07769-6pmid: N/A

High-performance epoxy–SBA-15 nanocomposites were prepared by ultrasonic dual-mode mixing (UDMM) technique. The dynamic and static mechanical properties of the epoxy nanocomposites were assessed. The addition of 0.5 wt% of SBA-15 improves the storage modulus (13%) and marginally varies the glass transition temperature (~ 2%) of the respective epoxy nanocomposites. However, the failure strength (~ 77%) and strain (~ 180%) increased significantly without affecting its modulus. The FESEM images of the fracture surface of epoxy nanocomposite reveal a much rougher surface compared to neat epoxy. The addition of SBA-15 into epoxy resin restricts the movement of the cracks and deflects them to follow a meandering way and hence, creating relatively rougher surfaces. The addition of higher wt% of SBA-15 is found unable to improve the dynamic and static mechanical properties of the epoxy nanocomposites. The homogeneous dispersion of SBA-15 via UDMM results in the conversion of hydrophilic epoxy into a highly hydrophobic one. This work has the potential to open up a new avenue for SBA-15 to fabricate cost-effective epoxy nanocomposites with better thermo-mechanical and tuned wetting properties.

Ma, Xiaoyu; Wu, Hong; Chang, Lei; Wang, Jianfeng; Wang, Yali; Cui, Suping

doi: 10.1007/s10853-022-07801-9pmid: N/A

Ca(OH)2, a widely available and low-cost calcium-based desulfurizer, needs further improvement in calcium utilization in flue gas desulfurization. In this experiment, Ca(OH)2 crystals with different morphologies were prepared by doping impurity ions including SO42− and SiO32− by precipitation method, which played directing role in the process of crystal growth. The prepared Ca(OH)2 crystals were applied to cement kiln flue gas desulfurization environment to investigate the effect of crystal morphology on flue gas desulfurization. The observed results illustrated that Ca(OH)2 prepared by SO42− as impurity ion in hexagonal plate shape presents the best desulfurization performance with desulfurization efficiency up to 93%. The structural characterization of Ca(OH)2 crystals by XRD and SEM, and the investigation of the reasons for desulfurization by BET, EDS, and XPS showed that the hexagonal plate-shaped Ca(OH)2 crystals increased the specific surface area and had the highest elemental sulfur content of 5.04% on the (100) crystal plane, and the high surface energy on the (100) plane led to the high reactivity. This confirms the guiding significance of hexagonal plate-like morphology for improving the desulfurization performance of Ca(OH)2.

Pacuła, Aleksandra; Drelinkiewicz, Alicja; Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk, Małgorzata; Pietrzyk, Piotr; Socha, Robert P.; Krzan, Marcel; Nattich-Rak, Małgorzata; Duraczyńska, Dorota; Bielańska, Elżbieta; Zimowska, Małgorzata

doi: 10.1007/s10853-022-07760-1pmid: N/A

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of various compositions, i.e. Mg–Al, Mg–Mn–Al, are applied as the precursors of metal oxides for the preparation of N-doped carbon materials via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) with acetonitrile (as carbon and nitrogen source) at 600 and 700 °C. The use of Mn-containing LDHs for the preparation of the carbon materials is a novelty. The impact of transition metal species, i.e. MnxOy, in a blend of metal oxides derived from LDHs on the amount of carbon deposit and its composition, morphology, textural and capacitive properties is investigated. Mn-containing species occurring in a mixture of metal oxides enhance the quantity of carbonaceous product compared to those derived from Mg–Al LDHs. Thermally heated Mg–Mn–Al LDHs contain structural defects due to manganese oxides, which promote the formation of carbon deposit, especially higher production of amorphous carbons. The addition of Mn into Mg–Al LDHs matrix leads to carbon particles with increased N-doping and enhanced volume of mesopores. Furthermore, graphitic domains occurring in the carbon materials obtained with Mg–Mn–Al LDHs are thicker than those in the corresponding samples obtained with Mg–Al LDHs as Mn-containing species influence the concentration and location of N-containing groups in graphitic array. The specific capacitance of the carbon materials produced by CVD with the compounds derived from Mg–Al LDHs or Mg–Mn–Al LDHs is comparable (20–25 μF cm−2). The formation of electrical double layer at electrode/electrolyte interface is easier for the carbon materials prepared at 700 °C than for the carbon materials prepared at 600 °C. The maximum charge is stored either in the shallow parts of carbon particles for the former, as they contain bottleneck mesopores, or in the deep parts of carbon particles for the latter, as they contain slit-shaped mesopores.Graphical abstract[graphic not available: see fulltext]

Kongasseri, Aswanidevi; Deivasigamani, Prabhakaran; Mohan, Akhila Maheswari

doi: 10.1007/s10853-022-07765-wpmid: N/A

The present study focuses on the detection and concentration of Cu2+ from contaminated waters using a D-π-A Schiff base probe, i.e., 2,3-bis(((E)-4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino) malononitrile (DAHAM) infused onto an ordered network of silica/polymer monolithic frameworks (S/PMFs). The tunable structural features, uniform surface morphology, voluminous porosity and excellent stability features of the monolithic frameworks (MFs) are well suited to function as probe anchoring templates for the sensing of ultra-trace concentrations of Cu2+. The dense homogeneous arrangement of DAHAM molecules onto the surface sites of MFs transforms into a portable solid-state colorimetric sensor material for Cu2+ detection. The study reports a comparative evaluation of chromoionophore-modified silica/polymer MFs for the colorimetric sensing of Cu2+. The DAHAM acts as chelating probe centers forming an octahedrally coordinated complex with Cu2+, where the binding events are staged within the MF platforms. The –NEt2 and –C≡N groups of the DAHAM probe ensure conjugated electron transfer through D-π-A characteristics, thus providing concentration proportionate visual color transitions upon Cu2+ chelation. The solid-state sensors are selective for Cu2+, with exceptional stability even under adverse conditions. The sensors reflect a recovery value of ≥ 99.2% in on-site real sample monitoring and are reusable for eight cycles, with excellent data reproducibility and reliability.Graphical abstract[graphic not available: see fulltext]

Liu, Tian; Xu, Mingzhen; Bai, Zhongxiang; Xu, Xiaoqian; Ren, Dengxun; Chen, Wenjin; Liu, Xiaobo

doi: 10.1007/s10853-022-07780-xpmid: N/A

A strategy for toughening phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine (BA-Ph) with poly (aryl ether nitrile) (PP-PEN) was proposed. Through kinetic analysis, the underlying influence mechanism of PP-PEN with different molecular weight on the polymerization process and cross-linking structure of BA-Ph was explored. In addition, the glass fiber reinforced composite laminates (BA-Ph/PP-PEN/GF) were fabricated by hot pressing. The effect of the molecular weight of PP-PEN on the mechanical and thermal properties of BA-Ph/PP-PEN/GF was verified. The results indicated that the impact strength of the modified composite laminates increased from 77 kJ/m2 to 106 kJ/m2. The bending strength and modulus improved from 484 to 516 MPa and 21 GPa to 25 GPa, respectively. Besides, all the thermal performances of the modified composite laminates had fairly good thermal stability (358 ~ 382 °C). It is believed that the as-prepared phthalonitrile-based composite material with high temperature resistance and toughness is expected to expand the application of high-performance resin based composites.Graphical Abstract[graphic not available: see fulltext]

Ren, Changying; Li, Mengmeng; Huang, Wentao; Zhang, Yingting; Huang, Jingda

doi: 10.1007/s10853-022-07787-4pmid: N/A

Superhydrophobic surfaces with good stability and simple step have been successfully prepared in recent year, but still suffering from low environmentally friendly method, poor ageing resistance and weak abrasion resistance. To address the above issues, biomass organic particles (hydrothermal treated lignin nanospheres (HLNPs)) instead of inorganic particles were used as the main material to prepare a fluorine-free superhydrophobic coating by facile one-step spray. The Methyltrimethoxysilane and Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane were taken as the combined modifiers, nanocellulose crystals as the reinforcer and PDMS as the adhesive were mixed with HLNPs and sprayed onto the wood surface. The resulting HLNPs-based superhydrophobic coating showed good abrasion resistance and withstood abrasion cycles of 24 times under harsh conditions, as well as displaying excellent UV resistance and did not lose superhydrophobic property until UV radiation for 8 h under the super UV light (power of 1000 W) due to the functional groups of HLNPs such as the benzene ring, double bond and carbonyl group et al. having good UV absorption. LNP after hydrothermal treatment enhance its performance due to the formation of covalent-non-covalent forces between molecules and the shorter intermolecular distance. Besides, with the advantages of environmentally friendly and facile preparation, the HLNPs-based superhydrophobic coating could be deduced to have great potential applications.

Xue, Bowen; Lin, He; Chai, Guiquan; Wang, Changkai; Yang, Huiyun; Lu, Hailin

doi: 10.1007/s10853-022-07707-6pmid: N/A

In this study, ceramic coatings were prepared on the surface of Al mesh using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method. Tribological tests and salt spray tests were employed to investigate the effect of MAO coating on the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Al mesh. The results show that the internal dense layer of MAO coating has a protective effect on the salt spray corrosion and mass loss of Al mesh substrate at high temperature, and MAO can effectively improve the wear resistance of the aluminum mesh substrate. The prepared MAO Al mesh was treated with oil heating, and the surfaces maintain oleophilic and hydrophobic properties, which can be applied for oil–water separation. Compared with conventional oil–water separation, this method has a simple preparation process, low cost, and excellent performance. All these features make the MAO Al mesh become an ideal candidate for oil–water mixtures separation. It can have wide application prospects in oil spill cleanup, wastewater treatment, and water purification.