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doi: 10.1080/02255189.2000.9669895pmid: N/A
A gap exists between health research and policy making in developing countries. Scientists often do not facilitate well the translation of research findings into policy while policy makers find it bard to identify research questions that are relevant to it. This paper outlines the context of health research in developing countries, the research needs and the obstacles to policy making in this international environment. The immediate challenge for academic researchers is to understand the policy environment and to strengthen the institutional arrangements required for a role in policy, inside and outside the university. Canadian universities and funding bodies also need to take steps to improve policy application in the developing countries: determining necessary policy support; identifying the right research products; creating the right research partnerships; and providing the right incentives for researchers. Global leadership in health is increasingly not just a matter of raw intellectual capacity; it is also a matter of how to put teaching, research, and service in a package that a new set of international consumers and stakeholders can quickly and easily adopt.
doi: 10.1080/02255189.2000.9669896pmid: N/A
This paper examines the different experiences of women in two poverty alleviation pilot projects in rural China. Differences exist due largely to unequal levels of institutional support by the agencies and local governments that design and implement antipoverty policies and projects. I suggest that institutional support is essential to women's participation in increasing the ability of the project organization to achieve collective benefits. One of these benefits is the recognition of women's contribution to community development, especially through their work in the informal sector that includes their home-based production for the market and domestic consumption.
Arvin, B. Mak; Summers, Jennifer L.
doi: 10.1080/02255189.2000.9669897pmid: N/A
Much is known about the effect of resources, school practices, and peer groups upon children's educational achievement. However, little is known about the association between maternal employment and child education outcome. In the context of developing countries, it has not even been explored yet. This paper proposes to explicate the links between the participation of mothers in the labour market and child education in LDCs, based on data covering thirteen countries for the period 1975 to 1993. The results suggest that maternal participation in the labour market has a positive impact on the educational achievement of children (defined as primary school enrollment) in richer developing countries but a negative one in poorer countries. These findings are explained in terms of direct and indirect effects of maternal employment on child education outcome.
doi: 10.1080/02255189.2000.9669898pmid: N/A
A developmental state is autonomous and pursues the national economic interest. The extent of a state's autonomy is related to the characteristics of its predominant economic sector. The degree to which a state pursues the national interest is related to its vulnerability. Both autonomy and vulnerability can be influenced via policy. The creation of an integrated market system based upon broad based agricultural development creates an environment in which autonomy can be increased and the national economic interest can be formulated and pursued. Alternatively, the creation of large, highly diversified business groups can also serve as a basis for autonomous policy making in the national economic interest. These ideas are illustrated with the experiences of South Korea and Taiwan.
doi: 10.1080/02255189.2000.9669899pmid: N/A
This paper tries to deconstruct (or demystify) the economic discourse on development. It brings forward the counter-productive effects of the models of mere transfering in economics as well as in business management. The author emphasizes that in the the absence of cautionary principles and consideration for the diversity of situation in the world, the development paradigm has turned the majority of countries of the South into outlets for the more efficient capitalist northern economies. Debt and structural adjustement program (SAP) ensue, leading to a dead-end. The author pleads for an alternative approach based on the rehabilitation of “shared creeds” within economic organisations and systems, Thus, questions the compartimentalisation of social sciences related to development, and, more general, human sciences as a whole. This study is therefore an introduction to major concepts of the theory of symbolic sites such as “black box,” “conceptual box” and the “tool kit” of homo situs or local rationality.
doi: 10.1080/02255189.2000.9669900pmid: N/A
Although the Vietnamese Communist Party survives, its image is tainted with contrasted histories. Can the country's economic growth be maintained under its leadership? The Party has recognized some of its errors: total collectivitization from 1975 to 1986, the brutal take over of the South, the decade of occupation in Cambodia. But the Party has its assets. It has somewhat resolved the land issues, ensured peace in a reunified country, and replaced its legitimacy of liberation with the new legitimacy of development. However, it is still confronted with the problems of a sole party: its limits to political openess in the political decision making process and in the planning of state reforms. In spite of those limits, the reforms continue as confirmed by the World Bank. The Party seems to maintain enough vitality to prove its more or less optimistic scenarios of growth and is likely to lead the nation's development for some more years.
doi: 10.1080/02255189.2000.9669901pmid: N/A
This article presents the development of the basic Uruguayan ideology over the course of this century, an important contradiction between Uruguayan historical values and the citizens decision to ratify a law which absolves the violators of human rights and sets a different standard of justice for them. It refers to the principal moments following the dictatorship 1984–1989, the public debate concerning the human rights violations that occurred during the dictatorship and the fate of those responsible for human rights violations, a long discussion between the civil and military authorities which ended with a legislative solution to the problem. The article attempts especially to reconstruct the circumstances that prevailed when the law was passed by the legislature, recreating the social moments that led to the ratification of the constitutional referendum.
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